The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis
In plants, the first asymmetrical division of a zygote leads to the formation of two cells with different developmental fates. The establishment of various patterns relies on spatial and temporal gene expression, however the precise mechanism responsible for embryonic patterning still needs elucidat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/606 |
| _version_ | 1827887383271440384 |
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| author | Konrad Winnicki |
| author_facet | Konrad Winnicki |
| author_sort | Konrad Winnicki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In plants, the first asymmetrical division of a zygote leads to the formation of two cells with different developmental fates. The establishment of various patterns relies on spatial and temporal gene expression, however the precise mechanism responsible for embryonic patterning still needs elucidation. Auxin seems to be the main player which regulates embryo development and controls expression of various genes in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, local auxin maxima and minima which are provided by polar auxin transport underlie cell fate specification. Diverse auxin concentrations in various regions of an embryo would easily explain distinct cell identities, however the question about the mechanism of cellular patterning in cells exposed to similar auxin concentrations still remains open. Thus, specification of cell fate might result not only from the cell position within an embryo but also from events occurring before and during mitosis. This review presents the impact of auxin on the orientation of the cell division plane and discusses the mechanism of auxin-dependent cytoskeleton alignment. Furthermore, close attention is paid to auxin-induced calcium fluxes, which regulate the activity of MAPKs during postembryonic development and which possibly might also underlie cellular patterning during embryogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:18:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4beb09c7c21749238c6a6cce8d2051f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:18:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-4beb09c7c21749238c6a6cce8d2051f32023-08-02T01:09:32ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-03-019360610.3390/cells9030606cells9030606The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant EmbryogenesisKonrad Winnicki0Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lódź, PolandIn plants, the first asymmetrical division of a zygote leads to the formation of two cells with different developmental fates. The establishment of various patterns relies on spatial and temporal gene expression, however the precise mechanism responsible for embryonic patterning still needs elucidation. Auxin seems to be the main player which regulates embryo development and controls expression of various genes in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, local auxin maxima and minima which are provided by polar auxin transport underlie cell fate specification. Diverse auxin concentrations in various regions of an embryo would easily explain distinct cell identities, however the question about the mechanism of cellular patterning in cells exposed to similar auxin concentrations still remains open. Thus, specification of cell fate might result not only from the cell position within an embryo but also from events occurring before and during mitosis. This review presents the impact of auxin on the orientation of the cell division plane and discusses the mechanism of auxin-dependent cytoskeleton alignment. Furthermore, close attention is paid to auxin-induced calcium fluxes, which regulate the activity of MAPKs during postembryonic development and which possibly might also underlie cellular patterning during embryogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/606mapkembryogenesiscellular patterningmicrotubulesactin filamentsauxincalcium ions |
| spellingShingle | Konrad Winnicki The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis Cells mapk embryogenesis cellular patterning microtubules actin filaments auxin calcium ions |
| title | The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis |
| title_full | The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis |
| title_fullStr | The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis |
| title_short | The Winner Takes It All: Auxin–The Main Player during Plant Embryogenesis |
| title_sort | winner takes it all auxin the main player during plant embryogenesis |
| topic | mapk embryogenesis cellular patterning microtubules actin filaments auxin calcium ions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/606 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT konradwinnicki thewinnertakesitallauxinthemainplayerduringplantembryogenesis AT konradwinnicki winnertakesitallauxinthemainplayerduringplantembryogenesis |