Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products?
Two monstrous female health-related issues are currently engaging the attention of the global community. These are the chemical skin-lightening issue and the rising female breast cancer issue. Nigeria has the highest prevalence of chemical skin lightening practice with 77.3% of traders in Lagos usin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nigerian Academy of Science
2022-06-01
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| Series: | The Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://nasjournal.org.ng/site/index.php/pnas/article/view/448/204 |
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| author | Yetunde M. Olumide Olusola O. Ayanlowo Ayesha O. Akinkugbe Erereoghor Otrofanowe Sherifat B. Adeniyi Olawale S. Peters Omotola O. Olumodeji Macaulay O. Iduma Abba O. Gabriel |
| author_facet | Yetunde M. Olumide Olusola O. Ayanlowo Ayesha O. Akinkugbe Erereoghor Otrofanowe Sherifat B. Adeniyi Olawale S. Peters Omotola O. Olumodeji Macaulay O. Iduma Abba O. Gabriel |
| author_sort | Yetunde M. Olumide |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two monstrous female health-related issues are currently engaging the attention of the global community. These are the chemical skin-lightening issue and the rising female breast cancer issue. Nigeria has the highest prevalence of chemical skin lightening practice with 77.3% of traders in Lagos using such products and one of the highest incidences of breast cancer globally of 50.5 per 100,000 women. 1,4-Dioxane, a possible contaminant in toiletries and cosmetics, is an IARC group 2B carcinogen and a potential breast carcinogen. It is generated when ethylene oxide -a known breast carcinogen is added to other chemicals during manufacturing. The skin lightening procedure is most conducive for optimal per-cutaneous absorption and inhalation of Dioxane. The research question entertained was if there is a link in the increasing prevalence of skin lightening practice and the rising breast cancer burden in Nigeria. One hundred skin lightening products procured from across Lagos, Nigeria had their listed contents scrutinized and entered onto a spreadsheet, then they were analyzed for Dioxane using Scalia’s Solid Phase Extraction gas chromatography procedure. Water (Aqua) 66%, Glycerin 60% and Tocopherol or Vitamin E 41% were found to be the most listed ingredients on the package labels, with Vitamin C 28%, Kojic acid 26%, Citric acid 22% and Carrot oil seen in 20% of products. All the analyzed samples were negative for Dioxane. The study brought to the fore the need to explore other potential breast carcinogens in skin lightening cosmetics and environmental chemicals |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:30:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4bf194d6a26a457882cda00bcd56ead8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0794-7976 2705-327X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:30:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Nigerian Academy of Science |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bf194d6a26a457882cda00bcd56ead82023-06-19T14:13:22ZengNigerian Academy of ScienceThe Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science0794-79762705-327X2022-06-01151s616https://doi.org/10.57046/JZRU1180Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products?Yetunde M. Olumide0Olusola O. Ayanlowo1Ayesha O. Akinkugbe2Erereoghor Otrofanowe3Sherifat B. Adeniyi4Olawale S. Peters5Omotola O. Olumodeji6Macaulay O. Iduma7Abba O. Gabriel8Department of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Surulere, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Surulere, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Surulere, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Surulere, Idi-Araba, Lagos, NigeriaNigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, NigeriaNigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, NigeriaNigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, NigeriaNigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, NigeriaNigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, NigeriaTwo monstrous female health-related issues are currently engaging the attention of the global community. These are the chemical skin-lightening issue and the rising female breast cancer issue. Nigeria has the highest prevalence of chemical skin lightening practice with 77.3% of traders in Lagos using such products and one of the highest incidences of breast cancer globally of 50.5 per 100,000 women. 1,4-Dioxane, a possible contaminant in toiletries and cosmetics, is an IARC group 2B carcinogen and a potential breast carcinogen. It is generated when ethylene oxide -a known breast carcinogen is added to other chemicals during manufacturing. The skin lightening procedure is most conducive for optimal per-cutaneous absorption and inhalation of Dioxane. The research question entertained was if there is a link in the increasing prevalence of skin lightening practice and the rising breast cancer burden in Nigeria. One hundred skin lightening products procured from across Lagos, Nigeria had their listed contents scrutinized and entered onto a spreadsheet, then they were analyzed for Dioxane using Scalia’s Solid Phase Extraction gas chromatography procedure. Water (Aqua) 66%, Glycerin 60% and Tocopherol or Vitamin E 41% were found to be the most listed ingredients on the package labels, with Vitamin C 28%, Kojic acid 26%, Citric acid 22% and Carrot oil seen in 20% of products. All the analyzed samples were negative for Dioxane. The study brought to the fore the need to explore other potential breast carcinogens in skin lightening cosmetics and environmental chemicalshttps://nasjournal.org.ng/site/index.php/pnas/article/view/448/204breast cancerskin lighteningcarcinogen |
| spellingShingle | Yetunde M. Olumide Olusola O. Ayanlowo Ayesha O. Akinkugbe Erereoghor Otrofanowe Sherifat B. Adeniyi Olawale S. Peters Omotola O. Olumodeji Macaulay O. Iduma Abba O. Gabriel Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products? The Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science breast cancer skin lightening carcinogen |
| title | Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products? |
| title_full | Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products? |
| title_fullStr | Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products? |
| title_short | Could the high incidence of breast cancers in Nigerian women be related to 1,4-Dioxane in skin lightening products? |
| title_sort | could the high incidence of breast cancers in nigerian women be related to 1 4 dioxane in skin lightening products |
| topic | breast cancer skin lightening carcinogen |
| url | https://nasjournal.org.ng/site/index.php/pnas/article/view/448/204 |
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