Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study
The industrial washing of corn grain during its milling generates a residue known as “corn steep liquor (CSL)”. This residue is rich in amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and mineral nutrients that can stimulate the vegetative growth when applied to plants. However, the mode of action of this pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/2/221 |
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| author | Iván Navarro-Morillo Valeria Navarro-Perez Rafael Perez-Millan Eloy Navarro-León Begoña Blasco Jose Maria Cámara-Zapata Francisco Garcia-Sanchez |
| author_facet | Iván Navarro-Morillo Valeria Navarro-Perez Rafael Perez-Millan Eloy Navarro-León Begoña Blasco Jose Maria Cámara-Zapata Francisco Garcia-Sanchez |
| author_sort | Iván Navarro-Morillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The industrial washing of corn grain during its milling generates a residue known as “corn steep liquor (CSL)”. This residue is rich in amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and mineral nutrients that can stimulate the vegetative growth when applied to plants. However, the mode of action of this product is not yet known. This work involved the foliar and root application to pepper plants, at a dose of 5 mL L<sup>−1</sup>, of two CSL products (CSL-H and CSL-B), which differ in the way they have been stabilized. In both cases, the size of the plants was increased, root application being more efficient than foliar. According to the studies carried out, this was because the CSL products increased the synthesis of hormones related to cell division and elongation, the net assimilation rate of CO<sub>2</sub>, and the concentrations of the amino acids alanine, proline, and tryptophan. In addition, root application of CSL-H also increased the concentrations of arginine, isoleucine, leucine, and cysteine. These data suggest that the mode of action of these products is related to regulation, synthesis of hormones, and the stimulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, the CSL-H treatment being the one that produced the most changes in the amino acids analyzed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:44:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4bf35b670f974c59b6bb55c762a66af8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:44:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bf35b670f974c59b6bb55c762a66af82023-11-16T20:50:17ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-02-019222110.3390/horticulturae9020221Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological StudyIván Navarro-Morillo0Valeria Navarro-Perez1Rafael Perez-Millan2Eloy Navarro-León3Begoña Blasco4Jose Maria Cámara-Zapata5Francisco Garcia-Sanchez6R + D Department of Atlántica Agrícola, 03400 Villena, SpainCentro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100 Murcia, SpainR + D Department of Atlántica Agrícola, 03400 Villena, SpainDepartamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, SpainCentro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 30100 Murcia, SpainThe industrial washing of corn grain during its milling generates a residue known as “corn steep liquor (CSL)”. This residue is rich in amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and mineral nutrients that can stimulate the vegetative growth when applied to plants. However, the mode of action of this product is not yet known. This work involved the foliar and root application to pepper plants, at a dose of 5 mL L<sup>−1</sup>, of two CSL products (CSL-H and CSL-B), which differ in the way they have been stabilized. In both cases, the size of the plants was increased, root application being more efficient than foliar. According to the studies carried out, this was because the CSL products increased the synthesis of hormones related to cell division and elongation, the net assimilation rate of CO<sub>2</sub>, and the concentrations of the amino acids alanine, proline, and tryptophan. In addition, root application of CSL-H also increased the concentrations of arginine, isoleucine, leucine, and cysteine. These data suggest that the mode of action of these products is related to regulation, synthesis of hormones, and the stimulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, the CSL-H treatment being the one that produced the most changes in the amino acids analyzed.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/2/221biostimulantsagrifood residuesCSL<i>Zea</i>metabolomicsorganic fertilization |
| spellingShingle | Iván Navarro-Morillo Valeria Navarro-Perez Rafael Perez-Millan Eloy Navarro-León Begoña Blasco Jose Maria Cámara-Zapata Francisco Garcia-Sanchez Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study Horticulturae biostimulants agrifood residues CSL <i>Zea</i> metabolomics organic fertilization |
| title | Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study |
| title_full | Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study |
| title_short | Effects of Root and Foliar Application of Corn Steep Liquor on Pepper Plants: A Physiological, Nutritional, and Morphological Study |
| title_sort | effects of root and foliar application of corn steep liquor on pepper plants a physiological nutritional and morphological study |
| topic | biostimulants agrifood residues CSL <i>Zea</i> metabolomics organic fertilization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/2/221 |
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