| Summary: | This review summarizes the data on the stereochemical structure of functionalized azoles (pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, thiazoles, and benzazoles) and related compounds obtained by multipulse and multinuclear <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. The stereochemistry of functionalized azoles is a challenging topic of theoretical research, as the correct interpretation of their chemical behavior and biological activity depends on understanding the factors that determine the stereochemical features and relative stability of their tautomers. NMR spectroscopy, in combination with quantum chemical calculations, is the most convenient and reliable approach to the evaluation of the stereochemical behavior of, in particular, nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Over the last decade, <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectroscopy has become almost an express method for the determination of the structure of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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