Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease
Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis is one of the leading causes of secondary CNS infection and seizures in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients along with cryptococcosis and tuberculosis. Encephalitis can be a primary presentation in undiagno...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Current Medicine Research and Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.cmrpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2352-0817;year=2022;volume=12;issue=6;spage=283;epage=286;aulast=Ram |
| _version_ | 1797955056574660608 |
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| author | Ala Ram Pankaj Kumar Saini Aakash Garg Shakti Singh Kavin Kumar Sanjiv Maheshwari |
| author_facet | Ala Ram Pankaj Kumar Saini Aakash Garg Shakti Singh Kavin Kumar Sanjiv Maheshwari |
| author_sort | Ala Ram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis is one of the leading causes of secondary CNS infection and seizures in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients along with cryptococcosis and tuberculosis. Encephalitis can be a primary presentation in undiagnosed HIV patients. We are reporting a rare case of HIV/AIDS that presented to us with encephalitis and was later diagnosed as toxoplasma encephalitis. A 32-year-old male truck driver presented with altered behaviour for about 1 month and vomiting for 4 days. On clinical examination, papilloedema was present. Further investigations revealed serologically proven HIV with CD4 T lymphocyte count of 56 cells/microL. Brain imaging showed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and right cerebellar hemisphere. Serum toxoplasma antibodies were found to be positive and a diagnosis of CNS toxoplasmosis encephalitis was made. Treatment with trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole and highly active antiretroviral therapy was initiated following which there was a significant improvement in the patient's clinical condition. The patient is on regular follow-up now. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:27:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4bfb4211fba4476486d33d772491dacd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-0817 2352-0825 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:27:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Medicine Research and Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-4bfb4211fba4476486d33d772491dacd2023-01-12T11:21:53ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsCurrent Medicine Research and Practice2352-08172352-08252022-01-0112628328610.4103/cmrp.cmrp_105_21Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV diseaseAla RamPankaj Kumar SainiAakash GargShakti SinghKavin KumarSanjiv MaheshwariCentral nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis is one of the leading causes of secondary CNS infection and seizures in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients along with cryptococcosis and tuberculosis. Encephalitis can be a primary presentation in undiagnosed HIV patients. We are reporting a rare case of HIV/AIDS that presented to us with encephalitis and was later diagnosed as toxoplasma encephalitis. A 32-year-old male truck driver presented with altered behaviour for about 1 month and vomiting for 4 days. On clinical examination, papilloedema was present. Further investigations revealed serologically proven HIV with CD4 T lymphocyte count of 56 cells/microL. Brain imaging showed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and right cerebellar hemisphere. Serum toxoplasma antibodies were found to be positive and a diagnosis of CNS toxoplasmosis encephalitis was made. Treatment with trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole and highly active antiretroviral therapy was initiated following which there was a significant improvement in the patient's clinical condition. The patient is on regular follow-up now.http://www.cmrpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2352-0817;year=2022;volume=12;issue=6;spage=283;epage=286;aulast=Ramacquired immune deficiency syndromecentral nervous systemhighly active antiretroviral therapy |
| spellingShingle | Ala Ram Pankaj Kumar Saini Aakash Garg Shakti Singh Kavin Kumar Sanjiv Maheshwari Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease Current Medicine Research and Practice acquired immune deficiency syndrome central nervous system highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| title | Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease |
| title_full | Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease |
| title_fullStr | Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease |
| title_short | Toxoplasma encephalitis – A presenting feature of HIV disease |
| title_sort | toxoplasma encephalitis a presenting feature of hiv disease |
| topic | acquired immune deficiency syndrome central nervous system highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| url | http://www.cmrpjournal.org/article.asp?issn=2352-0817;year=2022;volume=12;issue=6;spage=283;epage=286;aulast=Ram |
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