Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust”
ABSTRACT: The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as productio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223007907 |
| _version_ | 1797249205294596096 |
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| author | R. El Jeni C. Villot O.Y. Koyun A. Osorio-Doblado J.J. Baloyi J.M. Lourenco M. Steele T.R. Callaway |
| author_facet | R. El Jeni C. Villot O.Y. Koyun A. Osorio-Doblado J.J. Baloyi J.M. Lourenco M. Steele T.R. Callaway |
| author_sort | R. El Jeni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:26:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c15c65631a1471da0e11e104f8ed82e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:26:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c15c65631a1471da0e11e104f8ed82e2024-03-22T05:38:21ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022024-04-01107418321856Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust”R. El Jeni0C. Villot1O.Y. Koyun2A. Osorio-Doblado3J.J. Baloyi4J.M. Lourenco5M. Steele6T.R. Callaway7Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France, 31069Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223007907direct-fed microbialeubioticpostbioticprebioticmicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | R. El Jeni C. Villot O.Y. Koyun A. Osorio-Doblado J.J. Baloyi J.M. Lourenco M. Steele T.R. Callaway Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust” Journal of Dairy Science direct-fed microbial eubiotic postbiotic prebiotic microbiome |
| title | Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust” |
| title_full | Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust” |
| title_fullStr | Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust” |
| title_full_unstemmed | Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust” |
| title_short | Invited review: “Probiotic” approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing “magic foo-foo dust” |
| title_sort | invited review probiotic approaches to improving dairy production reassessing magic foo foo dust |
| topic | direct-fed microbial eubiotic postbiotic prebiotic microbiome |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223007907 |
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