Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is among the main risk factors for HCC. The risk of HCC is not eliminated completely after viral suppression, due to HBV DNA integrated int...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1126 |
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| author | Satinder P. Kaur Arslan Talat Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Andrew Grees Hao Wei Chen Daryl T. Y. Lau Andreea M. Catana |
| author_facet | Satinder P. Kaur Arslan Talat Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Andrew Grees Hao Wei Chen Daryl T. Y. Lau Andreea M. Catana |
| author_sort | Satinder P. Kaur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is among the main risk factors for HCC. The risk of HCC is not eliminated completely after viral suppression, due to HBV DNA integrated into human chromosomes. Cirrhosis, HBV viral DNA levels, age, male gender, the immune response of the host against HBV, and a combination of obesity and diabetes are among the main risk factors for HCC. Active viral replication and long-standing active disease with inflammation are associated with a higher risk of HCC. Treatment of HBV with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) decreased HCC risk by effectively decreasing viral load and inflammation. Similar risk factors have been reported in hepatitis B patients after seroclearance. Studies have reported decreased risk of HCC after seroclearance, but there were also conflicting results from a few studies indicating no difference in risk of developing HCC. The difference in HCC rates could be because of other factors such as coinfection, occult HBV infection, family history, HBV genotype, and other comorbidities. Due to the persistent risk of HCC after seroclearance, HCC surveillance is critical for early detection, especially in high-risk patients. However, long-term studies might be needed to further validate the results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:40:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c19206306ea4ad7aa20ccdf34b3cc10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:40:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c19206306ea4ad7aa20ccdf34b3cc102023-11-23T20:32:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-02-01114112610.3390/jcm11041126Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)Satinder P. Kaur0Arslan Talat1Hamidreza Karimi-Sari2Andrew Grees3Hao Wei Chen4Daryl T. Y. Lau5Andreea M. Catana6Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USADivision of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USAMiddle East Liver Diseases Center, Tehran 1598976513, IranStony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, NY 11968, USALiver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USALiver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USALiver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USAHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is among the main risk factors for HCC. The risk of HCC is not eliminated completely after viral suppression, due to HBV DNA integrated into human chromosomes. Cirrhosis, HBV viral DNA levels, age, male gender, the immune response of the host against HBV, and a combination of obesity and diabetes are among the main risk factors for HCC. Active viral replication and long-standing active disease with inflammation are associated with a higher risk of HCC. Treatment of HBV with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) decreased HCC risk by effectively decreasing viral load and inflammation. Similar risk factors have been reported in hepatitis B patients after seroclearance. Studies have reported decreased risk of HCC after seroclearance, but there were also conflicting results from a few studies indicating no difference in risk of developing HCC. The difference in HCC rates could be because of other factors such as coinfection, occult HBV infection, family history, HBV genotype, and other comorbidities. Due to the persistent risk of HCC after seroclearance, HCC surveillance is critical for early detection, especially in high-risk patients. However, long-term studies might be needed to further validate the results.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1126hepatocellular carcinomahepatitis Bchronichepatitis B surface antigen |
| spellingShingle | Satinder P. Kaur Arslan Talat Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Andrew Grees Hao Wei Chen Daryl T. Y. Lau Andreea M. Catana Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Journal of Clinical Medicine hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B surface antigen |
| title | Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) |
| title_full | Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) |
| title_fullStr | Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) |
| title_short | Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients and the Role of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) |
| title_sort | hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis b virus infected patients and the role of hepatitis b surface antigen hbsag |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B chronic hepatitis B surface antigen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1126 |
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