Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The causative factors or conditions leading to increased intestinal permeability (IIP) have only been partly elucidated, suggesting excessive zonulin release to be a key factor among them. Likewise, it is known that athletic activity predisposes individu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/10/710 |
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| author | Maciej Hałasa Dominika Maciejewska Karina Ryterska Magdalena Baśkiewicz-Hałasa Krzysztof Safranow Ewa Stachowska |
| author_facet | Maciej Hałasa Dominika Maciejewska Karina Ryterska Magdalena Baśkiewicz-Hałasa Krzysztof Safranow Ewa Stachowska |
| author_sort | Maciej Hałasa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: The causative factors or conditions leading to increased intestinal permeability (IIP) have only been partly elucidated, suggesting excessive zonulin release to be a key factor among them. Likewise, it is known that athletic activity predisposes individuals towards the development of IIP; however, little is understood about the nature of this phenomenon. We decided to test the actual coincidence between IIP and increased stool zonulin (ISZ) in actively training athletes. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We compared intestinal permeability tested with lactulose/mannitol differential absorption (lactulose/mannitol (L/M) test) and zonulin concentration in stool in 20 professional athletes (PRO), 9 amateur athletes (AMA), and 9 non-athletes (CTR). <i>Results</i>: The results confirmed that professional athletic activity showed significant positive association with intestinal permeability. ISZ was observed exclusively in athletes (CTR vs. AMA vs. PRO, respectively, 0% vs. 22% vs. 55%), and its prevalence was significantly higher in PRO than CTR. When we divided the participants into four categories related to exceeding the upper reference limits for both tested parameters (ISZ + or − and IIP + or −), significant differences were found between CTR and PRO; however, no significant differences were found between CTR and AMA or AMA and PRO. <i>Conclusions</i>: Our trial confirmed previous findings that professional athletic activity predisposes individuals to IIP. We also demonstrated that although ISZ was associated with intense training, there was no statistically significant association between ISZ and IIP in the tested group of professional athletes, which suggests the existence of additional mechanisms causing IIP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:30:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c27e6eb0c6c444e84a2d332be41cb49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:30:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c27e6eb0c6c444e84a2d332be41cb492023-09-02T13:55:03ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X2019-10-01551071010.3390/medicina55100710medicina55100710Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional AthletesMaciej Hałasa0Dominika Maciejewska1Karina Ryterska2Magdalena Baśkiewicz-Hałasa3Krzysztof Safranow4Ewa Stachowska5Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The causative factors or conditions leading to increased intestinal permeability (IIP) have only been partly elucidated, suggesting excessive zonulin release to be a key factor among them. Likewise, it is known that athletic activity predisposes individuals towards the development of IIP; however, little is understood about the nature of this phenomenon. We decided to test the actual coincidence between IIP and increased stool zonulin (ISZ) in actively training athletes. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We compared intestinal permeability tested with lactulose/mannitol differential absorption (lactulose/mannitol (L/M) test) and zonulin concentration in stool in 20 professional athletes (PRO), 9 amateur athletes (AMA), and 9 non-athletes (CTR). <i>Results</i>: The results confirmed that professional athletic activity showed significant positive association with intestinal permeability. ISZ was observed exclusively in athletes (CTR vs. AMA vs. PRO, respectively, 0% vs. 22% vs. 55%), and its prevalence was significantly higher in PRO than CTR. When we divided the participants into four categories related to exceeding the upper reference limits for both tested parameters (ISZ + or − and IIP + or −), significant differences were found between CTR and PRO; however, no significant differences were found between CTR and AMA or AMA and PRO. <i>Conclusions</i>: Our trial confirmed previous findings that professional athletic activity predisposes individuals to IIP. We also demonstrated that although ISZ was associated with intense training, there was no statistically significant association between ISZ and IIP in the tested group of professional athletes, which suggests the existence of additional mechanisms causing IIP.https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/10/710intestinal permeabilityzonulin in stoolathletic activityzonulin dependent mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Hałasa Dominika Maciejewska Karina Ryterska Magdalena Baśkiewicz-Hałasa Krzysztof Safranow Ewa Stachowska Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes Medicina intestinal permeability zonulin in stool athletic activity zonulin dependent mechanisms |
| title | Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes |
| title_full | Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes |
| title_short | Assessing the Association of Elevated Zonulin Concentration in Stool with Increased Intestinal Permeability in Active Professional Athletes |
| title_sort | assessing the association of elevated zonulin concentration in stool with increased intestinal permeability in active professional athletes |
| topic | intestinal permeability zonulin in stool athletic activity zonulin dependent mechanisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/55/10/710 |
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