Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites of economic consequence by virtue of being carriers of infectious diseases that affect livestock and other sectors of the agricultural industry. A widely prevalent tick species, <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>annulatus&l...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/5/1369 |
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| author | Amritha Achuthkumar Shamjana Uchamballi Kumar Arvind Deepa Azhchath Vasu Sincy Varghese Reghu Ravindran Tony Grace |
| author_facet | Amritha Achuthkumar Shamjana Uchamballi Kumar Arvind Deepa Azhchath Vasu Sincy Varghese Reghu Ravindran Tony Grace |
| author_sort | Amritha Achuthkumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites of economic consequence by virtue of being carriers of infectious diseases that affect livestock and other sectors of the agricultural industry. A widely prevalent tick species, <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>annulatus</i>, has been recognized as a prime vector of tick-borne diseases in South Indian regions. Over time, the use of chemical acaricides for tick control has promoted the evolution of resistance to these widely used compounds through metabolic detoxification. Identifying the genes related to this detoxification is extremely important, as it could help detect valid insecticide targets and develop novel strategies for effective insect control. We performed an RNA-sequencing analysis of acaricide-treated and untreated <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatus</i> and mapped the detoxification genes expressed due to acaricide exposure. Our results provided high-quality RNA-sequenced data of untreated and amitraz-treated <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatus</i>, and then the data were assembled into contigs and clustered into 50,591 and 71,711 uni-gene sequences, respectively. The expression levels of the detoxification genes across different developmental stages of <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatu</i> identified 16,635 transcripts as upregulated and 15,539 transcripts as downregulated. The annotations of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the significant expression of 70 detoxification genes in response to the amitraz treatment. The qRT-PCR revealed significant differences in the gene expression levels across different life stages of <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatus</i>. |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c2a7d355416422a93f1f1d8375937b62023-11-18T00:36:09ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-05-01115136910.3390/biomedicines11051369Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide TreatmentAmritha Achuthkumar0Shamjana Uchamballi1Kumar Arvind2Deepa Azhchath Vasu3Sincy Varghese4Reghu Ravindran5Tony Grace6Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Pazhassiraja College, Pulpally 673579, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode 673576, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, IndiaTicks are hematophagous ectoparasites of economic consequence by virtue of being carriers of infectious diseases that affect livestock and other sectors of the agricultural industry. A widely prevalent tick species, <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>annulatus</i>, has been recognized as a prime vector of tick-borne diseases in South Indian regions. Over time, the use of chemical acaricides for tick control has promoted the evolution of resistance to these widely used compounds through metabolic detoxification. Identifying the genes related to this detoxification is extremely important, as it could help detect valid insecticide targets and develop novel strategies for effective insect control. We performed an RNA-sequencing analysis of acaricide-treated and untreated <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatus</i> and mapped the detoxification genes expressed due to acaricide exposure. Our results provided high-quality RNA-sequenced data of untreated and amitraz-treated <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatus</i>, and then the data were assembled into contigs and clustered into 50,591 and 71,711 uni-gene sequences, respectively. The expression levels of the detoxification genes across different developmental stages of <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatu</i> identified 16,635 transcripts as upregulated and 15,539 transcripts as downregulated. The annotations of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the significant expression of 70 detoxification genes in response to the amitraz treatment. The qRT-PCR revealed significant differences in the gene expression levels across different life stages of <i>R.</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>annulatus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/5/1369ticks<i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>annulatus</i>acaricidesamitrazresistancebioassays |
| spellingShingle | Amritha Achuthkumar Shamjana Uchamballi Kumar Arvind Deepa Azhchath Vasu Sincy Varghese Reghu Ravindran Tony Grace Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment Biomedicines ticks <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>annulatus</i> acaricides amitraz resistance bioassays |
| title | Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment |
| title_full | Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment |
| title_short | Transcriptome Profiling of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes in Response to Acaricide Treatment |
| title_sort | transcriptome profiling of i rhipicephalus annulatus i reveals differential gene expression of metabolic detoxifying enzymes in response to acaricide treatment |
| topic | ticks <i>Rhipicephalus</i> (<i>Boophilus</i>) <i>annulatus</i> acaricides amitraz resistance bioassays |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/5/1369 |
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