Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons
An endemic subterranean Japanese carabid beetle lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> species group, was recently revealed to have marked regional differentiation. Studies of such features reveal insect species diversity and provide insight into the mechanisms driving species diver...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/803 |
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| author | Kôji Sasakawa Yoshiji Mitsuduka Hirotarô Itô |
| author_facet | Kôji Sasakawa Yoshiji Mitsuduka Hirotarô Itô |
| author_sort | Kôji Sasakawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An endemic subterranean Japanese carabid beetle lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> species group, was recently revealed to have marked regional differentiation. Studies of such features reveal insect species diversity and provide insight into the mechanisms driving species diversity. We examined specimens of this species group collected from the southern Tohoku District of Honshu, Japan, where its diversity has not yet been fully elucidated, using fine-scale field sampling and detailed comparative morphological analysis of male genitalia. In total, 103 specimens from 13 localities were classified into one new (<i>P. monolineatus</i> sp. n.) and eight known species. In four of the known species, we observed disjunct distributions, which have not previously been reported in this species group and may be more common than previously recognized. Species coexistence was observed at four sites, with two species of different body sizes coexisting at three sites and three species coexisting at the remaining site. The three coexisting species included one large and two small species, the latter of which have male genitalia of a different size. This newly discovered coexistence pattern implies separate effects of differential body and genital size in species coexistence, which has rarely been reported in insects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c2b1309787f41359e48a38a5be62028 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c2b1309787f41359e48a38a5be620282023-11-20T20:56:48ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-11-01111180310.3390/insects11110803Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological ComparisonsKôji Sasakawa0Yoshiji Mitsuduka1Hirotarô Itô2Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan2-18-24 Hanatate Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-0067, Japan1-14-16 Awayama, Niigata-shi, Niigata 950-0843, JapanAn endemic subterranean Japanese carabid beetle lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> species group, was recently revealed to have marked regional differentiation. Studies of such features reveal insect species diversity and provide insight into the mechanisms driving species diversity. We examined specimens of this species group collected from the southern Tohoku District of Honshu, Japan, where its diversity has not yet been fully elucidated, using fine-scale field sampling and detailed comparative morphological analysis of male genitalia. In total, 103 specimens from 13 localities were classified into one new (<i>P. monolineatus</i> sp. n.) and eight known species. In four of the known species, we observed disjunct distributions, which have not previously been reported in this species group and may be more common than previously recognized. Species coexistence was observed at four sites, with two species of different body sizes coexisting at three sites and three species coexisting at the remaining site. The three coexisting species included one large and two small species, the latter of which have male genitalia of a different size. This newly discovered coexistence pattern implies separate effects of differential body and genital size in species coexistence, which has rarely been reported in insects.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/803body sizeendophallusJapanmale genitalianew distribution recordsnew species |
| spellingShingle | Kôji Sasakawa Yoshiji Mitsuduka Hirotarô Itô Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons Insects body size endophallus Japan male genitalia new distribution records new species |
| title | Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons |
| title_full | Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons |
| title_fullStr | Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons |
| title_short | Unexpected Species Identities and Interspecific Relationships in a Subterranean Beetle Lineage, the <i>Pterostichus macrogenys</i> Species Group (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Revealed by Fine-Scale Field Sampling and Detailed Morphological Comparisons |
| title_sort | unexpected species identities and interspecific relationships in a subterranean beetle lineage the i pterostichus macrogenys i species group coleoptera carabidae revealed by fine scale field sampling and detailed morphological comparisons |
| topic | body size endophallus Japan male genitalia new distribution records new species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/803 |
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