Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate
Powder metallurgy (PM) offers several variants to introduce alloying elements for establishing the desired final composition. One route is the master alloy (MA) approach. The composition and the elements contained in the MA can be adjusted to obtain a liquid phase that penetrates through the interco...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/10/1662 |
| _version_ | 1797513815426859008 |
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| author | Stefan Geroldinger Raquel de Oro Calderon Christian Gierl-Mayer Herbert Danninger |
| author_facet | Stefan Geroldinger Raquel de Oro Calderon Christian Gierl-Mayer Herbert Danninger |
| author_sort | Stefan Geroldinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Powder metallurgy (PM) offers several variants to introduce alloying elements for establishing the desired final composition. One route is the master alloy (MA) approach. The composition and the elements contained in the MA can be adjusted to obtain a liquid phase that penetrates through the interconnected pore network and thus enhances the distribution of the alloying elements and the homogenization of the microstructure. Such a liquid phase is often of a transient character, and therefore the amount of liquid formed and the time the liquid is present during the sintering are highly dependent on the heating rates. The heating rate has also an impact on the reaction temperatures, and therefore, by properly adjusting the heating rate, it is possible to sinter PM-steels alloyed with Fe-Cr-Si-C-MA at temperatures below 1250 °C. The present study shows the dependence of the melting regimes on the heating rate (5, 10, 20, 120 K/min) represented by “Kissinger plots”. For this purpose, liquid phase formation and distribution were monitored in quenching dilatometer experiments with defined heating up to different temperatures (1120 °C, 1180 °C, 1250 °C, 1300 °C) and subsequent quenching. Optimum sintering conditions for the materials were identified, and the concept was corroborated by C and O analysis, CCT diagrams, metallographic sections, and hardness measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:22:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c2f661c7cba4b6bacacc39da17e6e26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:22:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c2f661c7cba4b6bacacc39da17e6e262023-11-22T19:10:19ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-10-011110166210.3390/met11101662Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating RateStefan Geroldinger0Raquel de Oro Calderon1Christian Gierl-Mayer2Herbert Danninger3TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Wien, AustriaTU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Wien, AustriaTU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Wien, AustriaTU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Wien, AustriaPowder metallurgy (PM) offers several variants to introduce alloying elements for establishing the desired final composition. One route is the master alloy (MA) approach. The composition and the elements contained in the MA can be adjusted to obtain a liquid phase that penetrates through the interconnected pore network and thus enhances the distribution of the alloying elements and the homogenization of the microstructure. Such a liquid phase is often of a transient character, and therefore the amount of liquid formed and the time the liquid is present during the sintering are highly dependent on the heating rates. The heating rate has also an impact on the reaction temperatures, and therefore, by properly adjusting the heating rate, it is possible to sinter PM-steels alloyed with Fe-Cr-Si-C-MA at temperatures below 1250 °C. The present study shows the dependence of the melting regimes on the heating rate (5, 10, 20, 120 K/min) represented by “Kissinger plots”. For this purpose, liquid phase formation and distribution were monitored in quenching dilatometer experiments with defined heating up to different temperatures (1120 °C, 1180 °C, 1250 °C, 1300 °C) and subsequent quenching. Optimum sintering conditions for the materials were identified, and the concept was corroborated by C and O analysis, CCT diagrams, metallographic sections, and hardness measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/10/1662powder metallurgymaster alloytransient liquid phase sinteringCCT diagramsKissinger plots |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Geroldinger Raquel de Oro Calderon Christian Gierl-Mayer Herbert Danninger Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate Metals powder metallurgy master alloy transient liquid phase sintering CCT diagrams Kissinger plots |
| title | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate |
| title_full | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate |
| title_fullStr | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate |
| title_short | Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate |
| title_sort | transient liquid phase sintering of pm steel a matter of the heating rate |
| topic | powder metallurgy master alloy transient liquid phase sintering CCT diagrams Kissinger plots |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/10/1662 |
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