Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes
Airborne microbial fragments in the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 1 µm) are a cause for concern as they may potentially deposit in the alveoli of the human airways. This study aimed to use qPCR to identify and quantify 24 different species or gro...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/3/404 |
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| author | Rui Lu Ann Dorte Pørneki Jonas N. Lindgreen Yanpeng Li Anne Mette Madsen |
| author_facet | Rui Lu Ann Dorte Pørneki Jonas N. Lindgreen Yanpeng Li Anne Mette Madsen |
| author_sort | Rui Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Airborne microbial fragments in the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 1 µm) are a cause for concern as they may potentially deposit in the alveoli of the human airways. This study aimed to use qPCR to identify and quantify 24 different species or groups of genera in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the inhalation fraction (particles that may enter the mouth or nose during breathing) of indoor air and to relate this to what has previously been found for each species. Results showed that eight fungal species, and <i>Aspergillus</i>/<i>Penicillium</i>/<i>Paecilomyces variotii</i>, as well as <i>Alnus</i>/<i>Corylus</i> and actinobacteria belonging to the <i>Streptomyces</i> genus were detected both in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the inhalable fraction. Five fungal species were only detected in the inhalable fraction. A significant effect of season was found on the fungal composition in the PM<sub>1</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and the inhalable (<i>p</i> = 0.017) fraction. This study demonstrated that it is possible to use qPCR to identify and quantify different microbes in the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction, and it has improved our understanding of the qualitative and quantitative relationship between the PM<sub>1</sub> and the inhalable microbial particles in indoor air. Combined with the literature review it also shows a large variation within and between species in the share of fungi which is present as fragments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c3092df7ea040468f7ae831e8ca66f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c3092df7ea040468f7ae831e8ca66f42023-11-21T11:18:42ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-03-0112340410.3390/atmos12030404Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in HomesRui Lu0Ann Dorte Pørneki1Jonas N. Lindgreen2Yanpeng Li3Anne Mette Madsen4The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkHouse Test ApS, Petersmindevej 1A, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkHouse Test ApS, Petersmindevej 1A, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkSchool of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaThe National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkAirborne microbial fragments in the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 1 µm) are a cause for concern as they may potentially deposit in the alveoli of the human airways. This study aimed to use qPCR to identify and quantify 24 different species or groups of genera in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the inhalation fraction (particles that may enter the mouth or nose during breathing) of indoor air and to relate this to what has previously been found for each species. Results showed that eight fungal species, and <i>Aspergillus</i>/<i>Penicillium</i>/<i>Paecilomyces variotii</i>, as well as <i>Alnus</i>/<i>Corylus</i> and actinobacteria belonging to the <i>Streptomyces</i> genus were detected both in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the inhalable fraction. Five fungal species were only detected in the inhalable fraction. A significant effect of season was found on the fungal composition in the PM<sub>1</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and the inhalable (<i>p</i> = 0.017) fraction. This study demonstrated that it is possible to use qPCR to identify and quantify different microbes in the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction, and it has improved our understanding of the qualitative and quantitative relationship between the PM<sub>1</sub> and the inhalable microbial particles in indoor air. Combined with the literature review it also shows a large variation within and between species in the share of fungi which is present as fragments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/3/404fungal fragmentspollenPM<sub>1</sub>inhalableindoor airqPCR |
| spellingShingle | Rui Lu Ann Dorte Pørneki Jonas N. Lindgreen Yanpeng Li Anne Mette Madsen Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes Atmosphere fungal fragments pollen PM<sub>1</sub> inhalable indoor air qPCR |
| title | Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes |
| title_full | Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes |
| title_fullStr | Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes |
| title_short | Species of Fungi and Pollen in the PM<sub>1</sub> and the Inhalable Fraction of Indoor Air in Homes |
| title_sort | species of fungi and pollen in the pm sub 1 sub and the inhalable fraction of indoor air in homes |
| topic | fungal fragments pollen PM<sub>1</sub> inhalable indoor air qPCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/3/404 |
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