Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study
Gill disorders have become more prevalent and widespread in finfish aquaculture in recent years. Their aetiology is often considered to be multifactorial. Effective diagnosis, control and prevention are hindered by the lack of standardised methodologies to characterise the aetiological agents, which...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/12/2605 |
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| author | Sophie Fridman Smaragda Tsairidou Nilantha Jayasuriya Halina Sobolewska Alastair Hamilton Carlos Lobos Ross D. Houston Hamish Rodger James Bron Tharangani Herath |
| author_facet | Sophie Fridman Smaragda Tsairidou Nilantha Jayasuriya Halina Sobolewska Alastair Hamilton Carlos Lobos Ross D. Houston Hamish Rodger James Bron Tharangani Herath |
| author_sort | Sophie Fridman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gill disorders have become more prevalent and widespread in finfish aquaculture in recent years. Their aetiology is often considered to be multifactorial. Effective diagnosis, control and prevention are hindered by the lack of standardised methodologies to characterise the aetiological agents, which produce an array of clinical and pathological presentations. The aim of this study was to define a novel gross pathological scoring system suitable for field-based macroscopic assessment of complex or multifactorial gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, using samples derived from a gill disease outbreak in Chile. Clinical assessment of gross gill morphology was performed, and gill samples were collected for qPCR and histology. A novel total gill scoring system was developed, which assesses gross pathological changes combining both the presumptive or healed amoebic gill disease (AGD) and the presence of other types of gill lesions. This scoring system offers a standardised approach to characterise the severe proliferative pathologies in affected gills. This total gill scoring system can substantially contribute to the development of robust mitigation strategies and could be used as an indicator trait for incorporating resistance to multifactorial gill disease into breeding goals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c35400a18b143659ad07e01fdc6c74d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c35400a18b143659ad07e01fdc6c74d2023-11-23T09:40:30ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-12-01912260510.3390/microorganisms9122605Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case StudySophie Fridman0Smaragda Tsairidou1Nilantha Jayasuriya2Halina Sobolewska3Alastair Hamilton4Carlos Lobos5Ross D. Houston6Hamish Rodger7James Bron8Tharangani Herath9Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UKThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UKDepartment of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, Shropshire, UKNoahgene Ltd., The e Centre, Cooperage Way, Alloa FK10 3LP, UKHendrix Genetics, Villa ’de Körver’, Boxmeer, 695831 CK Spoorstraat, The NetherlandsHendrix Genetics, Villa ’de Körver’, Boxmeer, 695831 CK Spoorstraat, The NetherlandsThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UKVAI Consulting, Kinvara, H91 N9CT Galway, IrelandInstitute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UKDepartment of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, Shropshire, UKGill disorders have become more prevalent and widespread in finfish aquaculture in recent years. Their aetiology is often considered to be multifactorial. Effective diagnosis, control and prevention are hindered by the lack of standardised methodologies to characterise the aetiological agents, which produce an array of clinical and pathological presentations. The aim of this study was to define a novel gross pathological scoring system suitable for field-based macroscopic assessment of complex or multifactorial gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, using samples derived from a gill disease outbreak in Chile. Clinical assessment of gross gill morphology was performed, and gill samples were collected for qPCR and histology. A novel total gill scoring system was developed, which assesses gross pathological changes combining both the presumptive or healed amoebic gill disease (AGD) and the presence of other types of gill lesions. This scoring system offers a standardised approach to characterise the severe proliferative pathologies in affected gills. This total gill scoring system can substantially contribute to the development of robust mitigation strategies and could be used as an indicator trait for incorporating resistance to multifactorial gill disease into breeding goals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/12/2605multifactorial gill diseasediagnostics<i>Salmo salar</i>gill health |
| spellingShingle | Sophie Fridman Smaragda Tsairidou Nilantha Jayasuriya Halina Sobolewska Alastair Hamilton Carlos Lobos Ross D. Houston Hamish Rodger James Bron Tharangani Herath Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study Microorganisms multifactorial gill disease diagnostics <i>Salmo salar</i> gill health |
| title | Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study |
| title_full | Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study |
| title_short | Assessment of Marine Gill Disease in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in Chile Using a Novel Total Gross Gill Scoring System: A Case Study |
| title_sort | assessment of marine gill disease in farmed atlantic salmon i salmo salar i in chile using a novel total gross gill scoring system a case study |
| topic | multifactorial gill disease diagnostics <i>Salmo salar</i> gill health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/12/2605 |
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