Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi
The present review examines the factors and variables that should be considered to obtain, design, and evaluate EFEs that might enhance ruminal NDF degradability. Different combinations of words were introduced in Google Scholar, then scientific articles were examined and included if the reported fa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/7/843 |
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| author | María Isabel Carrillo-Díaz Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero Griselda Chávez-Aguilar José Luis Zepeda-Batista Mónica González-Reyes Arturo César García-Casillas Deli Nazmín Tirado-González Gustavo Tirado-Estrada |
| author_facet | María Isabel Carrillo-Díaz Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero Griselda Chávez-Aguilar José Luis Zepeda-Batista Mónica González-Reyes Arturo César García-Casillas Deli Nazmín Tirado-González Gustavo Tirado-Estrada |
| author_sort | María Isabel Carrillo-Díaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present review examines the factors and variables that should be considered to obtain, design, and evaluate EFEs that might enhance ruminal NDF degradability. Different combinations of words were introduced in Google Scholar, then scientific articles were examined and included if the reported factors and variables addressed the objective of this review. One-hundred-and-sixteen articles were included. The fungal strains and culture media used to grow white-rot fungi induced the production of specific isoforms of cellulases and xylanases; therefore, EFE products for ruminant feed applications should be obtained in cultures that include the high-fibrous forages used in the diets of those animals. Additionally, the temperature, pH, osmolarity conditions, and EFE synergisms and interactions with ruminal microbiota and endogenous fibrolytic enzymes should be considered. More consistent results have been observed in studies that correlate the cellulase-to-xylanase ratio with ruminant productive behavior. EFE protection (immobilization) allows researchers to obtain enzymatic products that may act under ruminal pH and temperature conditions. It is possible to generate multi-enzyme cocktails that act at different times, re-associate enzymes, and simulate natural protective structures such as cellulosomes. Some EFEs could consistently improve ruminal NDF degradability if we consider fungal cultures and ruminal environmental conditions variables, and include biotechnological tools that might be useful to design novel enzymatic products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:11:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c394f2013ce4a63a8994629aa2a638d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:11:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c394f2013ce4a63a8994629aa2a638d2023-11-30T22:51:09ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-03-0112784310.3390/ani12070843Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot FungiMaría Isabel Carrillo-Díaz0Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero1Griselda Chávez-Aguilar2José Luis Zepeda-Batista3Mónica González-Reyes4Arturo César García-Casillas5Deli Nazmín Tirado-González6Gustavo Tirado-Estrada7Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán 8930, Colima, MexicoPosgrado en Producción Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Edo. México, MexicoCentro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria Agricultura Familiar (CENID AF), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Ojuelos de Jalisco 47540, Jalisco, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán 8930, Colima, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado (DEPI), Tecnológico Nacional de México Aguascalientes (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, Tecomán 8930, Colima, MexicoDepartamento de Ingenierías, Tecnológico Nacional de México Aguascalientes (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado (DEPI), Tecnológico Nacional de México Aguascalientes (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), El Llano 20330, Aguascalientes, MexicoThe present review examines the factors and variables that should be considered to obtain, design, and evaluate EFEs that might enhance ruminal NDF degradability. Different combinations of words were introduced in Google Scholar, then scientific articles were examined and included if the reported factors and variables addressed the objective of this review. One-hundred-and-sixteen articles were included. The fungal strains and culture media used to grow white-rot fungi induced the production of specific isoforms of cellulases and xylanases; therefore, EFE products for ruminant feed applications should be obtained in cultures that include the high-fibrous forages used in the diets of those animals. Additionally, the temperature, pH, osmolarity conditions, and EFE synergisms and interactions with ruminal microbiota and endogenous fibrolytic enzymes should be considered. More consistent results have been observed in studies that correlate the cellulase-to-xylanase ratio with ruminant productive behavior. EFE protection (immobilization) allows researchers to obtain enzymatic products that may act under ruminal pH and temperature conditions. It is possible to generate multi-enzyme cocktails that act at different times, re-associate enzymes, and simulate natural protective structures such as cellulosomes. Some EFEs could consistently improve ruminal NDF degradability if we consider fungal cultures and ruminal environmental conditions variables, and include biotechnological tools that might be useful to design novel enzymatic products.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/7/843white-rot fungus enzymesneutral detergent fiberruminal environmentanimal productive behaviorfibrolytic enzymes immobilization |
| spellingShingle | María Isabel Carrillo-Díaz Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero Griselda Chávez-Aguilar José Luis Zepeda-Batista Mónica González-Reyes Arturo César García-Casillas Deli Nazmín Tirado-González Gustavo Tirado-Estrada Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi Animals white-rot fungus enzymes neutral detergent fiber ruminal environment animal productive behavior fibrolytic enzymes immobilization |
| title | Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi |
| title_full | Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi |
| title_short | Improvement of Ruminal Neutral Detergent Fiber Degradability by Obtaining and Using Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes from White-Rot Fungi |
| title_sort | improvement of ruminal neutral detergent fiber degradability by obtaining and using exogenous fibrolytic enzymes from white rot fungi |
| topic | white-rot fungus enzymes neutral detergent fiber ruminal environment animal productive behavior fibrolytic enzymes immobilization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/7/843 |
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