Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria
Background: Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC) pill is associated with atherogenic and cardiovascular changes. Some service providers use individual lipid parameters to assess these changes unlike objective calculation using standard formulae. Objective: To determine and compare the atherogenic chang...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.cjhr.org/article.asp?issn=2348-3334;year=2023;volume=10;issue=1;spage=99;epage=104;aulast=Jimoh |
| _version_ | 1797775280140451840 |
|---|---|
| author | Olanrewaju Saheed Jimoh Hidaayah Oluwamayowa Jimoh - Abdulghaffaar Tola Yinka Bakare Gbenga Omotade Popoola Waliu Olatunbosun Oladosu Elizabeth Oluwakemi Grillo Abdullahi Ahmed Abiodun S Adeniran |
| author_facet | Olanrewaju Saheed Jimoh Hidaayah Oluwamayowa Jimoh - Abdulghaffaar Tola Yinka Bakare Gbenga Omotade Popoola Waliu Olatunbosun Oladosu Elizabeth Oluwakemi Grillo Abdullahi Ahmed Abiodun S Adeniran |
| author_sort | Olanrewaju Saheed Jimoh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC) pill is associated with atherogenic and cardiovascular changes. Some service providers use individual lipid parameters to assess these changes unlike objective calculation using standard formulae. Objective: To determine and compare the atherogenic changes in women on COCs using six lipid ratios; coronary heart disease risk ratio, atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic co-efficient, Cholesterol index, Castelli risk index I, and Castelli risk index II. Materials and Methods: A prospective, comparative study among new acceptors of contraceptives at four family planning clinics in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Participants were categorized into COCs acceptors (group I, n=120) and acceptors of non-hormonal contraceptives (group II, n=120). Participants were followed up with serial lipid profiles at 0, 3 and 6 months after uptake. Atherogenic risks were calculated using six standard formulae; statistical analysis was with SPSS version 21.0 and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences of more than two means, Bonferroni Post Hoc test was used to test for specific significance within the group and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 225 participants (111 COC users, 114 non-COC users) aged 19 to 48 years completed the study. Serum levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein showed a statistically significant rise among the COC users over the study period (p=0.038), especially between the third and sixth months. The lipid ratios were statistically increased using all six methods despite apparently normal lipid parameters. Conclusion: Atherogenic changes may occur in the presence of apparently normal lipid parameters among COC users; therefore, serial lipid ratio using standard method formulae is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:33:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c464af4df2b4774a0ac40b47566c0ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2348-3334 2348-506X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:33:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c464af4df2b4774a0ac40b47566c0ef2023-07-21T14:33:37ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsCHRISMED Journal of Health and Research2348-33342348-506X2023-01-011019910410.4103/cjhr.cjhr_120_22Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central NigeriaOlanrewaju Saheed JimohHidaayah Oluwamayowa Jimoh - AbdulghaffaarTola Yinka BakareGbenga Omotade PopoolaWaliu Olatunbosun OladosuElizabeth Oluwakemi GrilloAbdullahi AhmedAbiodun S AdeniranBackground: Combined Oral Contraceptive (COC) pill is associated with atherogenic and cardiovascular changes. Some service providers use individual lipid parameters to assess these changes unlike objective calculation using standard formulae. Objective: To determine and compare the atherogenic changes in women on COCs using six lipid ratios; coronary heart disease risk ratio, atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic co-efficient, Cholesterol index, Castelli risk index I, and Castelli risk index II. Materials and Methods: A prospective, comparative study among new acceptors of contraceptives at four family planning clinics in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Participants were categorized into COCs acceptors (group I, n=120) and acceptors of non-hormonal contraceptives (group II, n=120). Participants were followed up with serial lipid profiles at 0, 3 and 6 months after uptake. Atherogenic risks were calculated using six standard formulae; statistical analysis was with SPSS version 21.0 and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences of more than two means, Bonferroni Post Hoc test was used to test for specific significance within the group and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 225 participants (111 COC users, 114 non-COC users) aged 19 to 48 years completed the study. Serum levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein showed a statistically significant rise among the COC users over the study period (p=0.038), especially between the third and sixth months. The lipid ratios were statistically increased using all six methods despite apparently normal lipid parameters. Conclusion: Atherogenic changes may occur in the presence of apparently normal lipid parameters among COC users; therefore, serial lipid ratio using standard method formulae is recommended.http://www.cjhr.org/article.asp?issn=2348-3334;year=2023;volume=10;issue=1;spage=99;epage=104;aulast=Jimohatherogenic ratioatherogenic riskcombined oral contraceptivelipid parameterslipid ratiostandard formula |
| spellingShingle | Olanrewaju Saheed Jimoh Hidaayah Oluwamayowa Jimoh - Abdulghaffaar Tola Yinka Bakare Gbenga Omotade Popoola Waliu Olatunbosun Oladosu Elizabeth Oluwakemi Grillo Abdullahi Ahmed Abiodun S Adeniran Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research atherogenic ratio atherogenic risk combined oral contraceptive lipid parameters lipid ratio standard formula |
| title | Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria |
| title_full | Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria |
| title_short | Applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in North-Central Nigeria |
| title_sort | applicability of lipid ratios in the prediction of atherogenic risks of women on combined oral contraceptives in north central nigeria |
| topic | atherogenic ratio atherogenic risk combined oral contraceptive lipid parameters lipid ratio standard formula |
| url | http://www.cjhr.org/article.asp?issn=2348-3334;year=2023;volume=10;issue=1;spage=99;epage=104;aulast=Jimoh |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olanrewajusaheedjimoh applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT hidaayaholuwamayowajimohabdulghaffaar applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT tolayinkabakare applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT gbengaomotadepopoola applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT waliuolatunbosunoladosu applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT elizabetholuwakemigrillo applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT abdullahiahmed applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria AT abiodunsadeniran applicabilityoflipidratiosinthepredictionofatherogenicrisksofwomenoncombinedoralcontraceptivesinnorthcentralnigeria |