Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure
One of the key aspects in additive manufacturing of stainless steels is the relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure. The selected process parameters typically cause a rapid solidification of the material, which leads to a microstructure that is highly textured both m...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/6/672 |
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| author | Tim Fischer Leonhard Hitzler Ewald Werner |
| author_facet | Tim Fischer Leonhard Hitzler Ewald Werner |
| author_sort | Tim Fischer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the key aspects in additive manufacturing of stainless steels is the relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure. The selected process parameters typically cause a rapid solidification of the material, which leads to a microstructure that is highly textured both morphologically and crystallographically. While the morphological texture is characterised by a mainly columnar shape of the grains, the crystallographic texture is marked by a preferred grain orientation in the <001> direction (fibre texture). Due to the texture effects, pronounced anisotropic mechanical properties are present in the material. In this report, a series of virtual microstructures with different morphological and crystallographic features are generated to develop a fundamental understanding of the individual texture effects on the mechanical properties. The grain morphology is based on Voronoi tessellations, and the crystallographic texture is captured with crystal plasticity. Furthermore, the numerical predictions are compared with experimental studies. The mechanical properties predicted on the basis of the virtual microstructures show that the crystallographic effect is much more dominant than the morphology of the individual grains. Consistent with the experiments, the highest load-bearing capacity of the material occurs when the macroscopic loading acts under an angle of 45<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> to the preferred orientation of the crystals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:31:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c4cfed25b474b80b282b30351130c79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:31:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c4cfed25b474b80b282b30351130c792023-11-21T23:39:31ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-06-0111667210.3390/cryst11060672Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel MicrostructureTim Fischer0Leonhard Hitzler1Ewald Werner2Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, GermanyInstitute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, GermanyInstitute of Materials Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, GermanyOne of the key aspects in additive manufacturing of stainless steels is the relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure. The selected process parameters typically cause a rapid solidification of the material, which leads to a microstructure that is highly textured both morphologically and crystallographically. While the morphological texture is characterised by a mainly columnar shape of the grains, the crystallographic texture is marked by a preferred grain orientation in the <001> direction (fibre texture). Due to the texture effects, pronounced anisotropic mechanical properties are present in the material. In this report, a series of virtual microstructures with different morphological and crystallographic features are generated to develop a fundamental understanding of the individual texture effects on the mechanical properties. The grain morphology is based on Voronoi tessellations, and the crystallographic texture is captured with crystal plasticity. Furthermore, the numerical predictions are compared with experimental studies. The mechanical properties predicted on the basis of the virtual microstructures show that the crystallographic effect is much more dominant than the morphology of the individual grains. Consistent with the experiments, the highest load-bearing capacity of the material occurs when the macroscopic loading acts under an angle of 45<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> to the preferred orientation of the crystals.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/6/672additive manufacturingtexturecrystal plasticitymechanical anisotropyaustenitic stainless steel |
| spellingShingle | Tim Fischer Leonhard Hitzler Ewald Werner Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure Crystals additive manufacturing texture crystal plasticity mechanical anisotropy austenitic stainless steel |
| title | Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure |
| title_full | Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure |
| title_fullStr | Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure |
| title_short | Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure |
| title_sort | morphological and crystallographic effects in the laser powder bed fused stainless steel microstructure |
| topic | additive manufacturing texture crystal plasticity mechanical anisotropy austenitic stainless steel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/6/672 |
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