Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production
This review is an outlook for sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens based on a survey of relevant stake-holders and recent research outcomes. Australian grain sorghum production will probably continue to generate a harvest in the order of 2.5 × 106 t of which some 7.9 × 105 t will be used as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654517301439 |
| _version_ | 1818360818294587392 |
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| author | Peter H. Selle Amy F. Moss Ha H. Truong Ali Khoddami David J. Cadogan Ian D. Godwin Sonia Y. Liu |
| author_facet | Peter H. Selle Amy F. Moss Ha H. Truong Ali Khoddami David J. Cadogan Ian D. Godwin Sonia Y. Liu |
| author_sort | Peter H. Selle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review is an outlook for sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens based on a survey of relevant stake-holders and recent research outcomes. Australian grain sorghum production will probably continue to generate a harvest in the order of 2.5 × 106 t of which some 7.9 × 105 t will be used as a feed grain for poultry and pigs. Feed grains are included primarily to provide energy from starch, but energy utilisation by broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets is relatively inferior, because of incomplete starch digestion. Kafirin, the dominant protein fraction, ‘non-tannin’ phenolic compounds and phytate are 3 ‘starch extrinsic’ factors in sorghum that compromise starch digestibility and energy utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets. Kafirin concentrations in 6 sorghum varieties were negatively correlated with metabolizable energy to gross energy (ME:GE) ratios (r = −0.891; P < 0.02) or the efficiency of energy utilisation in broiler chickens. Importantly, kafirin proportions of sorghum protein may be increasing with time in Australia. If so, this represents a fundamental challenge to sorghum breeders which presumably could be met by the development of sorghum varieties with different characteristics, especially in relation to the γ- and β-kafirin fractions. White sorghum varieties contain lower polyphenol concentrations which should be advantageous as concentrations of total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated to ME:GE ratios (r = −0.838; P < 0.04) in 6 sorghum varieties. It would be desirable if more white varieties were to become available. It is suggested that responses to exogenous phytase in birds offered sorghum-based diets would be more robust if sorghum were to contain lower concentrations of kafirin and phenolic compounds. Paradoxically, while better sorghum varieties almost certainly could be developed, it may not necessarily follow that they will command a price premium from poultry and pig producers. Keywords: Kafirin, Phenolic compounds, Phytate, Poultry, Sorghum, Starch |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:06:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c582614f3644b18859f5a83ccc8a437 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6545 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c582614f3644b18859f5a83ccc8a4372022-12-21T23:31:27ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452018-03-01411730Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat productionPeter H. Selle0Amy F. Moss1Ha H. Truong2Ali Khoddami3David J. Cadogan4Ian D. Godwin5Sonia Y. Liu6Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; Corresponding author.Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, AustraliaPoultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, AustraliaPoultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFeedworks, PO Box 369, Romsey, VIC 3434, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, AustraliaPoultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, AustraliaThis review is an outlook for sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens based on a survey of relevant stake-holders and recent research outcomes. Australian grain sorghum production will probably continue to generate a harvest in the order of 2.5 × 106 t of which some 7.9 × 105 t will be used as a feed grain for poultry and pigs. Feed grains are included primarily to provide energy from starch, but energy utilisation by broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets is relatively inferior, because of incomplete starch digestion. Kafirin, the dominant protein fraction, ‘non-tannin’ phenolic compounds and phytate are 3 ‘starch extrinsic’ factors in sorghum that compromise starch digestibility and energy utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets. Kafirin concentrations in 6 sorghum varieties were negatively correlated with metabolizable energy to gross energy (ME:GE) ratios (r = −0.891; P < 0.02) or the efficiency of energy utilisation in broiler chickens. Importantly, kafirin proportions of sorghum protein may be increasing with time in Australia. If so, this represents a fundamental challenge to sorghum breeders which presumably could be met by the development of sorghum varieties with different characteristics, especially in relation to the γ- and β-kafirin fractions. White sorghum varieties contain lower polyphenol concentrations which should be advantageous as concentrations of total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated to ME:GE ratios (r = −0.838; P < 0.04) in 6 sorghum varieties. It would be desirable if more white varieties were to become available. It is suggested that responses to exogenous phytase in birds offered sorghum-based diets would be more robust if sorghum were to contain lower concentrations of kafirin and phenolic compounds. Paradoxically, while better sorghum varieties almost certainly could be developed, it may not necessarily follow that they will command a price premium from poultry and pig producers. Keywords: Kafirin, Phenolic compounds, Phytate, Poultry, Sorghum, Starchhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654517301439 |
| spellingShingle | Peter H. Selle Amy F. Moss Ha H. Truong Ali Khoddami David J. Cadogan Ian D. Godwin Sonia Y. Liu Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production Animal Nutrition |
| title | Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production |
| title_full | Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production |
| title_fullStr | Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production |
| title_short | Outlook: Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production |
| title_sort | outlook sorghum as a feed grain for australian chicken meat production |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654517301439 |
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