Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge
The release of pharmaceutically active compounds to the soils through the application of sewage sludge and the irrigation with wastewater, or even with surface water, is constant. The adsorption of these compounds onto the soil is one of the key factors affecting their fate in the environment and th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5306 |
| _version_ | 1797547903204458496 |
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| author | José Luis Malvar Juan Luis Santos Julia Martín Irene Aparicio Esteban Alonso |
| author_facet | José Luis Malvar Juan Luis Santos Julia Martín Irene Aparicio Esteban Alonso |
| author_sort | José Luis Malvar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The release of pharmaceutically active compounds to the soils through the application of sewage sludge and the irrigation with wastewater, or even with surface water, is constant. The adsorption of these compounds onto the soil is one of the key factors affecting their fate in the environment and their potential environmental risks. In this work, the adsorption of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites, 3-hydroxy-carbamazepine (3OH-CBZ), carbamazepine-10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxide (EP-CBZ), and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine (10OH-CBZ), in three Mediterranean soils was evaluated using single-solute and four-solute experiments. The highest adsorptions were measured for 3OH-CBZ, followed by CBZ, EP-CBZ, and 10OH-CBZ, in that order. A high influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the compounds, pH, and soil characteristics in the adsorption of the studied compounds was observed and corroborated by the statistical analysis of the results. Moreover, a good fit was observed in the three isotherm models evaluated (linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir) in single-solute experiments (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.90). However, a decrease of the measured adsorptions and a worse fit to the isotherm models were observed in the case of multiple-solute experiments. This could be mainly due to the competition established between the studied compounds for the active sites of the soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c61698ad67a489e9fafd3a9cd834097 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c61698ad67a489e9fafd3a9cd8340972023-11-20T20:55:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-11-012522530610.3390/molecules25225306Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage SludgeJosé Luis Malvar0Juan Luis Santos1Julia Martín2Irene Aparicio3Esteban Alonso4Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Virgen de África, 7, E–41011 Seville, SpainDepartamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Virgen de África, 7, E–41011 Seville, SpainDepartamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Virgen de África, 7, E–41011 Seville, SpainDepartamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Virgen de África, 7, E–41011 Seville, SpainDepartamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla. C/ Virgen de África, 7, E–41011 Seville, SpainThe release of pharmaceutically active compounds to the soils through the application of sewage sludge and the irrigation with wastewater, or even with surface water, is constant. The adsorption of these compounds onto the soil is one of the key factors affecting their fate in the environment and their potential environmental risks. In this work, the adsorption of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites, 3-hydroxy-carbamazepine (3OH-CBZ), carbamazepine-10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxide (EP-CBZ), and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine (10OH-CBZ), in three Mediterranean soils was evaluated using single-solute and four-solute experiments. The highest adsorptions were measured for 3OH-CBZ, followed by CBZ, EP-CBZ, and 10OH-CBZ, in that order. A high influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the compounds, pH, and soil characteristics in the adsorption of the studied compounds was observed and corroborated by the statistical analysis of the results. Moreover, a good fit was observed in the three isotherm models evaluated (linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir) in single-solute experiments (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.90). However, a decrease of the measured adsorptions and a worse fit to the isotherm models were observed in the case of multiple-solute experiments. This could be mainly due to the competition established between the studied compounds for the active sites of the soils.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5306carbamazepinemetabolitessoilwastewatersewage sludgecompetitive adsorption |
| spellingShingle | José Luis Malvar Juan Luis Santos Julia Martín Irene Aparicio Esteban Alonso Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge Molecules carbamazepine metabolites soil wastewater sewage sludge competitive adsorption |
| title | Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge |
| title_full | Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge |
| title_fullStr | Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge |
| title_short | Approach to the Dynamic of Carbamazepine and its Main Metabolites in Soil Contamination through the Reuse of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge |
| title_sort | approach to the dynamic of carbamazepine and its main metabolites in soil contamination through the reuse of wastewater and sewage sludge |
| topic | carbamazepine metabolites soil wastewater sewage sludge competitive adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5306 |
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