Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling
Furfural is one of the most promising precursor chemicals with an extended range of downstream derivatives. In this work, conversion of xylose to produce furfural was performed by employing <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid (<i>p</i>TSA) as a catalyst in DMSO medium at moderate t...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2208 |
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| author | Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Rizwan Dilshad Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman Dehua Liu Xuebing Zhao |
| author_facet | Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Rizwan Dilshad Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman Dehua Liu Xuebing Zhao |
| author_sort | Muhammad Sajid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Furfural is one of the most promising precursor chemicals with an extended range of downstream derivatives. In this work, conversion of xylose to produce furfural was performed by employing <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid (<i>p</i>TSA) as a catalyst in DMSO medium at moderate temperature and atmospheric pressure. The production process was optimized based on kinetic modeling of xylose conversion to furfural alongwith simultaneous formation of humin from xylose and furfural. The synergetic effects of organic acids and Lewis acids were investigated. Results showed that the catalyst <i>p</i>TSA-CrCl<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O was a promising combined catalyst due to the high furfural yield (53.10%) at a moderate temperature of 120 °C. Observed kinetic modeling illustrated that the condensation of furfural in the DMSO solvent medium actually could be neglected. The established model was found to be satisfactory and could be well applied for process simulation and optimization with adequate accuracy. The estimated values of activation energies for xylose dehydration, condensation of xylose, and furfural to humin were 81.80, 66.50, and 93.02 kJ/mol, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:24:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4c633925e77e486d970d7dc8c0bb83ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:24:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c633925e77e486d970d7dc8c0bb83ab2023-11-21T15:08:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-04-01268220810.3390/molecules26082208Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic ModelingMuhammad Sajid0Muhammad Rizwan Dilshad1Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman2Dehua Liu3Xuebing Zhao4Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 54000, PakistanInstitute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaInstitute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaFurfural is one of the most promising precursor chemicals with an extended range of downstream derivatives. In this work, conversion of xylose to produce furfural was performed by employing <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid (<i>p</i>TSA) as a catalyst in DMSO medium at moderate temperature and atmospheric pressure. The production process was optimized based on kinetic modeling of xylose conversion to furfural alongwith simultaneous formation of humin from xylose and furfural. The synergetic effects of organic acids and Lewis acids were investigated. Results showed that the catalyst <i>p</i>TSA-CrCl<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O was a promising combined catalyst due to the high furfural yield (53.10%) at a moderate temperature of 120 °C. Observed kinetic modeling illustrated that the condensation of furfural in the DMSO solvent medium actually could be neglected. The established model was found to be satisfactory and could be well applied for process simulation and optimization with adequate accuracy. The estimated values of activation energies for xylose dehydration, condensation of xylose, and furfural to humin were 81.80, 66.50, and 93.02 kJ/mol, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2208catalysischloridesfurfuralkineticslewis acid<i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Rizwan Dilshad Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman Dehua Liu Xuebing Zhao Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling Molecules catalysis chlorides furfural kinetics lewis acid <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid |
| title | Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling |
| title_full | Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling |
| title_fullStr | Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling |
| title_short | Catalytic Conversion of Xylose to Furfural by <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid (<i>p</i>TSA) and Chlorides: Process Optimization and Kinetic Modeling |
| title_sort | catalytic conversion of xylose to furfural by i p i toluenesulfonic acid i p i tsa and chlorides process optimization and kinetic modeling |
| topic | catalysis chlorides furfural kinetics lewis acid <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2208 |
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