The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples
Background: Klebsiella oxytoca may cause various infections, including respiratory, urinary, and bloodstream infections, often with multidrug-resistant strains posing challenges in treatment. The aim of this study was for molecular identification of K. oxytoca and to assess the existence of aminogly...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Medical Research and Development Corporation
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Biomedicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i51/ijbm_13(3)_oa13.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797690785590673408 |
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| author | Mohanad H. Hussein Hasan A. Aal Owaif Sura A. Abdulateef |
| author_facet | Mohanad H. Hussein Hasan A. Aal Owaif Sura A. Abdulateef |
| author_sort | Mohanad H. Hussein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Klebsiella oxytoca may cause various infections, including respiratory, urinary, and bloodstream infections, often with multidrug-resistant strains posing challenges in treatment. The aim of this study was for molecular identification of K. oxytoca and to assess the existence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in biofilm and in toxin-producing and AmpC-positive isolates.
Methods and Results: A total of 400 non-duplicate stool samples were collected from patients with colitis from 2019 to 2020 and were immediately cultured onto McConkey and blood agar (Merk, Germany). Antibiotic discs and Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) culture medium (Merck, Germany) were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The disk diffusion was done for susceptibility examination of them using CLSI 2020. Phenotypic detection of AmpC enzymes and biofilm formation were also determined. The PCR was performed to detect polygalacturonase (pehX) gene, blaCTX-M gene, npsB toxin-encoding gene, blaAmpC gene, and the aac(6′)-lb and aac(3′)-IIa AMEs genes.
A total of 100 K. oxytoca were identified from stool samples. Most isolates were not susceptible to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, or cefoxitin disks. Moreover, most were susceptible to amikacin and piperacillin-tazobactam disks. Among 100 isolates, 54% produced the AmpC enzyme in the combined disk method. Among them, 30 isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Strong biofilm formation was determined in 66% of isolates, and 30% of them produced moderate biofilms. Moreover, 4% of the isolates had weak biofilms. Among the 60 gentamicin-resistant K. oxytoca, 32 isolates had strong biofilms, and 11 isolates produced moderate ones. The pehX was used for the molecular identification of K. oxytoca; the results showed the presence of this gene in all isolates. The majority (98%) of K. oxytoca amplified the npsB toxin-encoding gene. The rate of blaCTX-M, blaAmpC, aac(6′)-lb, and aac(3)-IIa genes were 62%, 45%, 12%, 24%, respectively.
Conclusion: In our study, more than half of K. oxytoca showed MDR phenotype. Moreover, half of the isolates carried the blaAmpC and blaCTX-M genes. Strong biofilm formation was observed in more than 60% of them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:04:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c7d12e4bb5c4e5c9422e4ea0b82e29c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2158-0510 2158-0529 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:04:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | International Medical Research and Development Corporation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c7d12e4bb5c4e5c9422e4ea0b82e29c2023-09-07T06:23:11ZengInternational Medical Research and Development CorporationInternational Journal of Biomedicine2158-05102158-05292023-09-0113312713010.21103/Article13(3)_OA13The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool SamplesMohanad H. Hussein0Hasan A. Aal Owaif1Sura A. Abdulateef2Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Applied Sciences, University of Technology-IraqBackground: Klebsiella oxytoca may cause various infections, including respiratory, urinary, and bloodstream infections, often with multidrug-resistant strains posing challenges in treatment. The aim of this study was for molecular identification of K. oxytoca and to assess the existence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in biofilm and in toxin-producing and AmpC-positive isolates. Methods and Results: A total of 400 non-duplicate stool samples were collected from patients with colitis from 2019 to 2020 and were immediately cultured onto McConkey and blood agar (Merk, Germany). Antibiotic discs and Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) culture medium (Merck, Germany) were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The disk diffusion was done for susceptibility examination of them using CLSI 2020. Phenotypic detection of AmpC enzymes and biofilm formation were also determined. The PCR was performed to detect polygalacturonase (pehX) gene, blaCTX-M gene, npsB toxin-encoding gene, blaAmpC gene, and the aac(6′)-lb and aac(3′)-IIa AMEs genes. A total of 100 K. oxytoca were identified from stool samples. Most isolates were not susceptible to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, or cefoxitin disks. Moreover, most were susceptible to amikacin and piperacillin-tazobactam disks. Among 100 isolates, 54% produced the AmpC enzyme in the combined disk method. Among them, 30 isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Strong biofilm formation was determined in 66% of isolates, and 30% of them produced moderate biofilms. Moreover, 4% of the isolates had weak biofilms. Among the 60 gentamicin-resistant K. oxytoca, 32 isolates had strong biofilms, and 11 isolates produced moderate ones. The pehX was used for the molecular identification of K. oxytoca; the results showed the presence of this gene in all isolates. The majority (98%) of K. oxytoca amplified the npsB toxin-encoding gene. The rate of blaCTX-M, blaAmpC, aac(6′)-lb, and aac(3)-IIa genes were 62%, 45%, 12%, 24%, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, more than half of K. oxytoca showed MDR phenotype. Moreover, half of the isolates carried the blaAmpC and blaCTX-M genes. Strong biofilm formation was observed in more than 60% of them.http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i51/ijbm_13(3)_oa13.pdfklebsiella oxytocaaminoglycoside resistancebiofilm |
| spellingShingle | Mohanad H. Hussein Hasan A. Aal Owaif Sura A. Abdulateef The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples International Journal of Biomedicine klebsiella oxytoca aminoglycoside resistance biofilm |
| title | The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples |
| title_full | The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples |
| title_fullStr | The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples |
| title_short | The Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes, pehX, blaCTXM, blaAmpC, and npsB among Klebsiella oxytoca Stool Samples |
| title_sort | aminoglycoside resistance genes pehx blactxm blaampc and npsb among klebsiella oxytoca stool samples |
| topic | klebsiella oxytoca aminoglycoside resistance biofilm |
| url | http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i51/ijbm_13(3)_oa13.pdf |
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