An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is tightening regulations on air pollutants. Consequently, more LNG-powered ships are being used to adhere to the sulfur oxide regulations. Among the tank materials for storing LNG, 9% nickel steel is widely used for cryogenic tanks and containers due to...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/20/6647 |
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| author | Younghyun Kim Jaewoong Kim Hyeongsam Park Sungbin Hong Changmin Pyo Gyuhae Park |
| author_facet | Younghyun Kim Jaewoong Kim Hyeongsam Park Sungbin Hong Changmin Pyo Gyuhae Park |
| author_sort | Younghyun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is tightening regulations on air pollutants. Consequently, more LNG-powered ships are being used to adhere to the sulfur oxide regulations. Among the tank materials for storing LNG, 9% nickel steel is widely used for cryogenic tanks and containers due to its high cryogenic impact toughness and high yield strength. Hence, numerous studies have sought to predict 9% nickel steel welding distortion. Previously, a methodology to derive the optimal parameters constituting the Goldak welding heat source for arc welding was developed. This was achieved by integrating heat transfer finite element analysis and optimization algorithms. However, this process is time-consuming, and the resulting shape of the weld differs by ~15% from its actual size. Therefore, this study proposes a simplified model to reduce the analysis time required for the arc welding process. Moreover, a new objective function and temperature constraints are presented to derive a more sophisticated heat source model for arc welding. As a result, the analysis time was reduced by ~70% compared to that previously reported, and the error rates of the weld geometry and HAZ size were within 10% and 15% of the actual weld, respectively. The findings of this study provide a strategy to rapidly predict welding distortion in the field, which can inform the revision of welding guidelines and overall welded structure designs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:05:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c7f4cfbb6fe411d9d136af8265c0ec8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:05:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c7f4cfbb6fe411d9d136af8265c0ec82023-11-19T17:10:16ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-10-011620664710.3390/ma16206647An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic TanksYounghyun Kim0Jaewoong Kim1Hyeongsam Park2Sungbin Hong3Changmin Pyo4Gyuhae Park5Automotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of KoreaAutomotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaAutomotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaThe International Maritime Organization (IMO) is tightening regulations on air pollutants. Consequently, more LNG-powered ships are being used to adhere to the sulfur oxide regulations. Among the tank materials for storing LNG, 9% nickel steel is widely used for cryogenic tanks and containers due to its high cryogenic impact toughness and high yield strength. Hence, numerous studies have sought to predict 9% nickel steel welding distortion. Previously, a methodology to derive the optimal parameters constituting the Goldak welding heat source for arc welding was developed. This was achieved by integrating heat transfer finite element analysis and optimization algorithms. However, this process is time-consuming, and the resulting shape of the weld differs by ~15% from its actual size. Therefore, this study proposes a simplified model to reduce the analysis time required for the arc welding process. Moreover, a new objective function and temperature constraints are presented to derive a more sophisticated heat source model for arc welding. As a result, the analysis time was reduced by ~70% compared to that previously reported, and the error rates of the weld geometry and HAZ size were within 10% and 15% of the actual weld, respectively. The findings of this study provide a strategy to rapidly predict welding distortion in the field, which can inform the revision of welding guidelines and overall welded structure designs.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/20/6647flux core arc welding9% nickel steel (ASTM A553-1)Goldak welding heat source modelEvolutionary optimization algorithmsimplification model |
| spellingShingle | Younghyun Kim Jaewoong Kim Hyeongsam Park Sungbin Hong Changmin Pyo Gyuhae Park An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks Materials flux core arc welding 9% nickel steel (ASTM A553-1) Goldak welding heat source model Evolutionary optimization algorithm simplification model |
| title | An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks |
| title_full | An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks |
| title_fullStr | An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks |
| title_short | An Improved Method for Deriving the Heat Source Model for FCAW of 9% Nickel Steel for Cryogenic Tanks |
| title_sort | improved method for deriving the heat source model for fcaw of 9 nickel steel for cryogenic tanks |
| topic | flux core arc welding 9% nickel steel (ASTM A553-1) Goldak welding heat source model Evolutionary optimization algorithm simplification model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/20/6647 |
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