Surface Modification and Planar Defects of Calcium Carbonates by Magnetic Water Treatment
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Powdery calcium carbonates, predominantly calcite and aragonite, with planar defects and cation–anion mixed surfaces as deposited on low-carbon steel by magnetic water treatment (MWT) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and vib...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2010-01-01
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| Series: | Nanoscale Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9736-5 |
| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Powdery calcium carbonates, predominantly calcite and aragonite, with planar defects and cation–anion mixed surfaces as deposited on low-carbon steel by magnetic water treatment (MWT) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and vibration spectroscopy. Calcite were found to form faceted nanoparticles having 3x (<inline-formula> <graphic file="1556-276X-5-1982-i1.gif"/> </inline-formula>) commensurate superstructure and with well-developed {<inline-formula> <graphic file="1556-276X-5-1982-i2.gif"/> </inline-formula>} and {<inline-formula> <graphic file="1556-276X-5-1982-i3.gif"/> </inline-formula>} surfaces to exhibit preferred orientations. Aragonite occurred as laths having 3x (<inline-formula> <graphic file="1556-276X-5-1982-i4.gif"/> </inline-formula>) commensurate superstructure and with well-developed (<inline-formula> <graphic file="1556-276X-5-1982-i5.gif"/> </inline-formula>) surface extending along [100] direction up to micrometers in length. The (hkil)-specific coalescence of calcite and rapid lath growth of aragonite under the combined effects of Lorentz force and a precondensation event account for a beneficial larger particulate/colony size for the removal of the carbonate scale from the steel substrate. The coexisting magnetite particles have well-developed {011} surfaces regardless of MWT.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1931-7573 1556-276X |