Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces
While surface segregation has been intensively studied in thin films, relatively little has been investigated in filament geometries. In contrast to thin films, the filament surface forms a continuum, with interactions both at the free air and internal filament interface, which makes it difficult to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785422016490 |
| _version_ | 1811198727400980480 |
|---|---|
| author | Yu-Chung Lin Aniket Raut Yiwei Fang Yifan Yin David Sprouster Tai-De Li Guillaume Freychet Mikhail Zhernenkov Steve Nitodas Jonathan Sokolov Yuval Shmueli Miriam Rafailovich |
| author_facet | Yu-Chung Lin Aniket Raut Yiwei Fang Yifan Yin David Sprouster Tai-De Li Guillaume Freychet Mikhail Zhernenkov Steve Nitodas Jonathan Sokolov Yuval Shmueli Miriam Rafailovich |
| author_sort | Yu-Chung Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While surface segregation has been intensively studied in thin films, relatively little has been investigated in filament geometries. In contrast to thin films, the filament surface forms a continuum, with interactions both at the free air and internal filament interface, which makes it difficult to achieve an equilibrium configuration. This asymmetry has become particularly apparent with the increasing use of additive manufacturing where entire structures are constructed via layered deposition of filamentous layers from a moving thermal nozzle. In addition, this process is highly non-equilibrated with poor thermal retention and is responsible for insufficient filament–filament interfacial fusion and internal pore formation along the printing direction. These features all contribute to poor mechanical and structural properties, which are exacerbated in semi-crystalline polymers, such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), where the melting point, Tm, is much higher than the glass transition, Tg. Even though system is liquid the molecules become ordered within the crystal structure and this ordering interferes with interdiffusion, which in turn prevents proper interfacial fusion. Capitalizing on the differential in surface tension, we show that addition of less than 1%, or trace amounts, of longer chain polymers, an oriented core shell structure, will be formed with a self-limiting thickness of three time the radius of gyration, Rg, of the tracer chains. The lower Tg of the tracers and their orientation makes them poised for interdiffusion when subsequent layers are deposited producing structures with significant improvement of the mechanical properties and internal structural integrity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:35:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4c9a79b833034808aa1d97249993f7d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:35:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4c9a79b833034808aa1d97249993f7d62022-12-22T03:53:20ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542022-11-012130253037Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfacesYu-Chung Lin0Aniket Raut1Yiwei Fang2Yifan Yin3David Sprouster4Tai-De Li5Guillaume Freychet6Mikhail Zhernenkov7Steve Nitodas8Jonathan Sokolov9Yuval Shmueli10Miriam Rafailovich11Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USAAdvanced Science Research Center at Graduate Center and Department of Physics at City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USANational Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USANational Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Corresponding author.While surface segregation has been intensively studied in thin films, relatively little has been investigated in filament geometries. In contrast to thin films, the filament surface forms a continuum, with interactions both at the free air and internal filament interface, which makes it difficult to achieve an equilibrium configuration. This asymmetry has become particularly apparent with the increasing use of additive manufacturing where entire structures are constructed via layered deposition of filamentous layers from a moving thermal nozzle. In addition, this process is highly non-equilibrated with poor thermal retention and is responsible for insufficient filament–filament interfacial fusion and internal pore formation along the printing direction. These features all contribute to poor mechanical and structural properties, which are exacerbated in semi-crystalline polymers, such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), where the melting point, Tm, is much higher than the glass transition, Tg. Even though system is liquid the molecules become ordered within the crystal structure and this ordering interferes with interdiffusion, which in turn prevents proper interfacial fusion. Capitalizing on the differential in surface tension, we show that addition of less than 1%, or trace amounts, of longer chain polymers, an oriented core shell structure, will be formed with a self-limiting thickness of three time the radius of gyration, Rg, of the tracer chains. The lower Tg of the tracers and their orientation makes them poised for interdiffusion when subsequent layers are deposited producing structures with significant improvement of the mechanical properties and internal structural integrity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785422016490Self-healingPolymer weldingPolyolefinSurface segregationFDM printing |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Chung Lin Aniket Raut Yiwei Fang Yifan Yin David Sprouster Tai-De Li Guillaume Freychet Mikhail Zhernenkov Steve Nitodas Jonathan Sokolov Yuval Shmueli Miriam Rafailovich Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces Journal of Materials Research and Technology Self-healing Polymer welding Polyolefin Surface segregation FDM printing |
| title | Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces |
| title_full | Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces |
| title_fullStr | Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces |
| title_short | Application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces |
| title_sort | application of the core shell model for strengthening polymer filament interfaces |
| topic | Self-healing Polymer welding Polyolefin Surface segregation FDM printing |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785422016490 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuchunglin applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT aniketraut applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT yiweifang applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT yifanyin applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT davidsprouster applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT taideli applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT guillaumefreychet applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT mikhailzhernenkov applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT stevenitodas applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT jonathansokolov applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT yuvalshmueli applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces AT miriamrafailovich applicationofthecoreshellmodelforstrengtheningpolymerfilamentinterfaces |