Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables
Flowering time is important for <i>Brassica rapa</i> vegetables because premature bolting before harvest can lower yield and quality. <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> (<i>FLC</i>) acts as a key repressor of flowering. In this study, we identified a nonsynonymous mutation...
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2021-08-01
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| author | Jiahe Liu Xu Cai Yufang Li Yue Chen Baozhen Gao Runmao Lin Jianli Liang Xiaowu Wang Jian Wu |
| author_facet | Jiahe Liu Xu Cai Yufang Li Yue Chen Baozhen Gao Runmao Lin Jianli Liang Xiaowu Wang Jian Wu |
| author_sort | Jiahe Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flowering time is important for <i>Brassica rapa</i> vegetables because premature bolting before harvest can lower yield and quality. <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> (<i>FLC</i>) acts as a key repressor of flowering. In this study, we identified a nonsynonymous mutation at the 58th nucleotide of exon1 in <i>BrFLC1</i> (named as Pe1+58 (A/C)) by screening resequencing data of 199 <i>B. rapa</i> accessions and verified this mutation as being related to flowering time variation. Strong linkage inheritance was detected between this locus and a previously reported splicing site mutation at intron 6 of <i>BrFLC1</i> (Pi6+1 (G/A))<i>,</i> showing as co-occurrence of BrFLC1Pe1+58(A) and BrFLC1Pi6+1(G), named as haplotype H1: AG, or co-occurrence of BrFLC1Pe1+58(C) and BrFLC1Pi6+1(A), named as haplotype H2: CA. The frequency distribution of <i>BrFLC1</i> haplotypes skewed to the haplotype H1 in turnip, broccoletto, mizuna, komatsuna, and taicai, while it was skewed to the haplotype H2 in caixin, pak choi, zicaitai, and wutacai. The frequencies of the two haplotypes were comparable in Chinese cabbage. This indicated that <i>BrFLC1</i> haplotypes were related to <i>B. rapa</i> intraspecific diversification. Further analysis of a Chinese cabbage collection revealed that accessions from the spring ecotype preferred to keep H1: AG and almost all accessions from the summer ecotype were H2: CA. The early flowering haplotype of <i>BrFLC1</i> was purified in summer Chinese cabbage, indicating that BrFLC1 had been strongly selected during genetic improvement of summer Chinese cabbages. A significant difference in flowering time of F<sub>2</sub> individuals with the homologous BrFLC1Pi6+1(G) allele but different BrFLC1Pe1+58 (A/C) alleles, indicated that this locus had independent genetic effects on flowering time. The newly identified allelic diversity of <i>BrFLC1</i> can be used for breeding of resistance to premature bolting in <i>B. rapa</i> vegetables. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:45:44Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:45:44Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4ca033649919442e8444319e7c629e982023-11-22T07:51:24ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-08-017824710.3390/horticulturae7080247Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> VegetablesJiahe Liu0Xu Cai1Yufang Li2Yue Chen3Baozhen Gao4Runmao Lin5Jianli Liang6Xiaowu Wang7Jian Wu8Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, ChinaFlowering time is important for <i>Brassica rapa</i> vegetables because premature bolting before harvest can lower yield and quality. <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> (<i>FLC</i>) acts as a key repressor of flowering. In this study, we identified a nonsynonymous mutation at the 58th nucleotide of exon1 in <i>BrFLC1</i> (named as Pe1+58 (A/C)) by screening resequencing data of 199 <i>B. rapa</i> accessions and verified this mutation as being related to flowering time variation. Strong linkage inheritance was detected between this locus and a previously reported splicing site mutation at intron 6 of <i>BrFLC1</i> (Pi6+1 (G/A))<i>,</i> showing as co-occurrence of BrFLC1Pe1+58(A) and BrFLC1Pi6+1(G), named as haplotype H1: AG, or co-occurrence of BrFLC1Pe1+58(C) and BrFLC1Pi6+1(A), named as haplotype H2: CA. The frequency distribution of <i>BrFLC1</i> haplotypes skewed to the haplotype H1 in turnip, broccoletto, mizuna, komatsuna, and taicai, while it was skewed to the haplotype H2 in caixin, pak choi, zicaitai, and wutacai. The frequencies of the two haplotypes were comparable in Chinese cabbage. This indicated that <i>BrFLC1</i> haplotypes were related to <i>B. rapa</i> intraspecific diversification. Further analysis of a Chinese cabbage collection revealed that accessions from the spring ecotype preferred to keep H1: AG and almost all accessions from the summer ecotype were H2: CA. The early flowering haplotype of <i>BrFLC1</i> was purified in summer Chinese cabbage, indicating that BrFLC1 had been strongly selected during genetic improvement of summer Chinese cabbages. A significant difference in flowering time of F<sub>2</sub> individuals with the homologous BrFLC1Pi6+1(G) allele but different BrFLC1Pe1+58 (A/C) alleles, indicated that this locus had independent genetic effects on flowering time. The newly identified allelic diversity of <i>BrFLC1</i> can be used for breeding of resistance to premature bolting in <i>B. rapa</i> vegetables.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/8/247<i>Brassica rapa</i><i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i>haplotypeflowering timeintraspecific diversification |
| spellingShingle | Jiahe Liu Xu Cai Yufang Li Yue Chen Baozhen Gao Runmao Lin Jianli Liang Xiaowu Wang Jian Wu Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables Horticulturae <i>Brassica rapa</i> <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> haplotype flowering time intraspecific diversification |
| title | Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables |
| title_full | Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables |
| title_fullStr | Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables |
| title_short | Selection on <i>BrFLC1</i> Is Related to Intraspecific Diversity of <i>Brassica rapa</i> Vegetables |
| title_sort | selection on i brflc1 i is related to intraspecific diversity of i brassica rapa i vegetables |
| topic | <i>Brassica rapa</i> <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> haplotype flowering time intraspecific diversification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/8/247 |
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