Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images
We mapped flow velocity and calving rates of the iconic Perito Moreno Glacier (PMG), belonging to the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI) in the Argentinian Patagonia. We tracked PMG from 2001 to 2017, focusing mostly upon the latest images from 2016–2017. PMG delivers about ca. 10<sup>6</su...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/52 |
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| author | Daniele Bocchiola Francesco Chirico Andrea Soncini Roberto Sergio Azzoni Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti Antonella Senese |
| author_facet | Daniele Bocchiola Francesco Chirico Andrea Soncini Roberto Sergio Azzoni Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti Antonella Senese |
| author_sort | Daniele Bocchiola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We mapped flow velocity and calving rates of the iconic Perito Moreno Glacier (PMG), belonging to the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI) in the Argentinian Patagonia. We tracked PMG from 2001 to 2017, focusing mostly upon the latest images from 2016–2017. PMG delivers about ca. 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> of ice in the Lago Argentino, and its front periodically reaches the Peninsula Magallanes. Therein, the PMG causes an ice-dam, clogging Brazo Rico channel, and lifting water level by about 10 m, until ice-dam failure, normally occurring in March. Here, we used 36 pairs of satellite images with a resolution of 10 m (SENTINEL2, visible, 9 pairs of images) and 15 m (LANDSAT imagery, panchromatic, 27 pairs of images) to calculate surface velocity (<i>V<sub>S</sub></i>). We used Orientation Correlation technique, implemented via the ImGRAFT<sup>®</sup> TemplateMatch tool. Calving rates were then calculated with two methods, namely, (i) <i>M1</i>, by ice flow through the glacier front, and (ii) <i>M2</i>, by ice flow at 7.5 km upstream of the front minus ablation losses. Surface velocity ranged from about 4 m day<sup>−1</sup> in the accumulation area to about 2 m day<sup>−1</sup> in the calving front, but it is variable seasonally with maxima in the summer (December–January–February). Calving rate (<i>CR<sub>M</sub></i>) ranges from 7.72 × 10<sup>5</sup> ± 32% to 8.76 × 10<sup>5</sup> ± 31% m<sup>3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>, in line with recent studies, also with maxima in the summer. We found slightly lower flow velocity and calving rates than previously published values, but our estimates cover a different period, and a generally large uncertainty in flow assessment suggests a recent overall stability of the glacier. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4cb513f50c114510ba59575edd49d06a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-4cb513f50c114510ba59575edd49d06a2023-11-23T12:12:25ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-12-011415210.3390/rs14010052Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 ImagesDaniele Bocchiola0Francesco Chirico1Andrea Soncini2Roberto Sergio Azzoni3Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti4Antonella Senese5Dipartimento Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDipartimento Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDipartimento Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Earth Sciences “A. Desio”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyAssociazione EVK2CNR, San Bernardino 145, 24126 Bergamo, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyWe mapped flow velocity and calving rates of the iconic Perito Moreno Glacier (PMG), belonging to the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI) in the Argentinian Patagonia. We tracked PMG from 2001 to 2017, focusing mostly upon the latest images from 2016–2017. PMG delivers about ca. 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> of ice in the Lago Argentino, and its front periodically reaches the Peninsula Magallanes. Therein, the PMG causes an ice-dam, clogging Brazo Rico channel, and lifting water level by about 10 m, until ice-dam failure, normally occurring in March. Here, we used 36 pairs of satellite images with a resolution of 10 m (SENTINEL2, visible, 9 pairs of images) and 15 m (LANDSAT imagery, panchromatic, 27 pairs of images) to calculate surface velocity (<i>V<sub>S</sub></i>). We used Orientation Correlation technique, implemented via the ImGRAFT<sup>®</sup> TemplateMatch tool. Calving rates were then calculated with two methods, namely, (i) <i>M1</i>, by ice flow through the glacier front, and (ii) <i>M2</i>, by ice flow at 7.5 km upstream of the front minus ablation losses. Surface velocity ranged from about 4 m day<sup>−1</sup> in the accumulation area to about 2 m day<sup>−1</sup> in the calving front, but it is variable seasonally with maxima in the summer (December–January–February). Calving rate (<i>CR<sub>M</sub></i>) ranges from 7.72 × 10<sup>5</sup> ± 32% to 8.76 × 10<sup>5</sup> ± 31% m<sup>3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>, in line with recent studies, also with maxima in the summer. We found slightly lower flow velocity and calving rates than previously published values, but our estimates cover a different period, and a generally large uncertainty in flow assessment suggests a recent overall stability of the glacier.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/52Patagonian glaciersLANDSATSENTINEL2climate change |
| spellingShingle | Daniele Bocchiola Francesco Chirico Andrea Soncini Roberto Sergio Azzoni Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti Antonella Senese Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images Remote Sensing Patagonian glaciers LANDSAT SENTINEL2 climate change |
| title | Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images |
| title_full | Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images |
| title_short | Assessment of Recent Flow, and Calving Rate of the Perito Moreno Glacier Using LANDSAT and SENTINEL2 Images |
| title_sort | assessment of recent flow and calving rate of the perito moreno glacier using landsat and sentinel2 images |
| topic | Patagonian glaciers LANDSAT SENTINEL2 climate change |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/52 |
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