Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients
Immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) are routinely used in clinical practice to maintain organ transplant survival. However, these drugs are characterized by a restricted therapeutic index, a high inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, and a series of severe adverse effects. In particula...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/8/1798 |
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| author | Valentina Urzì Brancati Carmelo Scarpignato Letteria Minutoli Giovanni Pallio |
| author_facet | Valentina Urzì Brancati Carmelo Scarpignato Letteria Minutoli Giovanni Pallio |
| author_sort | Valentina Urzì Brancati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) are routinely used in clinical practice to maintain organ transplant survival. However, these drugs are characterized by a restricted therapeutic index, a high inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, and a series of severe adverse effects. In particular, genetic factors have been estimated to play a role in this variability because of polymorphisms regarding genes encoding for enzymes and transporters involved in the ISDs pharmacokinetic. Several studies showed important correlations between genetic polymorphisms and ISDs blood levels in transplanted patients; therefore, this review aims to summarize the pharmacogenetics of approved ISDs. We used <i>PubMed</i> database to search papers on pharmacogenetics of ISDs in adults or pediatric patients of any gender and ethnicity receiving immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. We utilized as search term: “cyclosporine or tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid or sirolimus or everolimus and polymorphism and transplant”. Our data showed that polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP3A4, ABCB1, and UGT1A9 genes could modify the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants, suggesting that patient genotyping could be a helpful strategy to select the ideal ISDs dose for each patient. |
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| id | doaj.art-4cb56e57924343859233409e266787d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:00:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4cb56e57924343859233409e266787d52023-12-01T23:26:58ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-07-01108179810.3390/biomedicines10081798Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted PatientsValentina Urzì Brancati0Carmelo Scarpignato1Letteria Minutoli2Giovanni Pallio3Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, United Campus of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, MaltaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, ItalyImmunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) are routinely used in clinical practice to maintain organ transplant survival. However, these drugs are characterized by a restricted therapeutic index, a high inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, and a series of severe adverse effects. In particular, genetic factors have been estimated to play a role in this variability because of polymorphisms regarding genes encoding for enzymes and transporters involved in the ISDs pharmacokinetic. Several studies showed important correlations between genetic polymorphisms and ISDs blood levels in transplanted patients; therefore, this review aims to summarize the pharmacogenetics of approved ISDs. We used <i>PubMed</i> database to search papers on pharmacogenetics of ISDs in adults or pediatric patients of any gender and ethnicity receiving immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. We utilized as search term: “cyclosporine or tacrolimus or mycophenolic acid or sirolimus or everolimus and polymorphism and transplant”. Our data showed that polymorphisms in CYP3A5, CYP3A4, ABCB1, and UGT1A9 genes could modify the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants, suggesting that patient genotyping could be a helpful strategy to select the ideal ISDs dose for each patient.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/8/1798pharmacogeneticspolymorphismSNPcyclosporinetacrolimusmycophenolic acid |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Urzì Brancati Carmelo Scarpignato Letteria Minutoli Giovanni Pallio Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients Biomedicines pharmacogenetics polymorphism SNP cyclosporine tacrolimus mycophenolic acid |
| title | Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients |
| title_full | Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients |
| title_fullStr | Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients |
| title_short | Use of Pharmacogenetics to Optimize Immunosuppressant Therapy in Kidney-Transplanted Patients |
| title_sort | use of pharmacogenetics to optimize immunosuppressant therapy in kidney transplanted patients |
| topic | pharmacogenetics polymorphism SNP cyclosporine tacrolimus mycophenolic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/8/1798 |
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