| Summary: | The Tamaulipan thornforests of south Texas and northeast Mexico are an ecologically and economically important conservation hotspot. Thornforest restoration is limited by native tree and shrub seedling availability for planting. Seedling shortages arise from low seed availability and knowledge gaps regarding best practices for germinating and growing the 70+ thornforest species desired for restoration plantings. To fill key knowledge gaps, we investigated three ecologically important thornforest species with low or highly variable germination or seedling survival rates: <i>Ebenopsis ebano</i>, <i>Cordia boissieri</i>, and <i>Zanthoxylum fagara</i>. For each, we quantified the effects of different dosages of chemical seed treatments used to promote germination (sulfuric acid, SA; gibberellic acid, GA; indole-3-butyric acid, IBA) on germination likelihood and timing. We also quantified the effects that these chemical seed treatments, soil media mixture type, and soil warming had on seedling survival, growth, and root morphology. <i>Ebenopsis</i> germination peaked (>90%) with 40–60 min SA treatment. <i>Cordia</i> germination peaked (40%) with 100 mg/L GA treatment. <i>Zanthoxylum</i> germination was negligible across all treatments. Seed molding was rare but stirring during SA treatment reduced <i>Ebenopsis</i> molding by 4%. <i>Ebenopsis</i> seedling survival, height, leaf count, and root morphology were minimally affected by seed treatments, generally reduced by warming, and influenced by soil mix, which also mediated responses to warming. These results suggest improvements to existing practices that could increase <i>Ebenopsis</i> germination by 10–20% and potentially double <i>Cordia</i> germination.
|
|---|