Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions
Abstract Host shifts, when a cross-species transmission of a pathogen can lead to successful infections, are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. A complex challenge faced by the scientific community is to address the factors that determine whether the cross-species tran...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sociedade Brasileira de Genética
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572021000200302&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1819005220520198144 |
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| author | André C. Pimentel Camila S. Beraldo Rodrigo Cogni |
| author_facet | André C. Pimentel Camila S. Beraldo Rodrigo Cogni |
| author_sort | André C. Pimentel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Host shifts, when a cross-species transmission of a pathogen can lead to successful infections, are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. A complex challenge faced by the scientific community is to address the factors that determine whether the cross-species transmissions will result in spillover or sustained onwards infections. Here we review recent literature and present a perspective on current approaches we are using to understand the mechanisms underlying host shifts. We highlight the usefulness of the interactions between Drosophila species and viruses as an ideal study model. Additionally, we discuss how cross-infection experiments — when pathogens from a natural reservoir are intentionally injected in novel host species— can test the effect cross-species transmissions may have on the fitness of virus and host, and how the host phylogeny may influence this response. We also discuss experiments evaluating how cooccurrence with other viruses or the presence of the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia may affect the performance of new viruses in a novel host. Finally, we discuss the need of surveys of virus diversity in natural populations using next-generation sequencing technologies. In the long term, these approaches can contribute to a better understanding of the basic biology of host shifts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:49:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4cc367588ba54c1296699512a3952972 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-4685 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:49:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Sociedade Brasileira de Genética |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4cc367588ba54c1296699512a39529722022-12-21T19:22:52ZengSociedade Brasileira de GenéticaGenetics and Molecular Biology1678-46852020-11-01441 suppl 110.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0197Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactionsAndré C. Pimentelhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-3803Camila S. Beraldohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-375XRodrigo Cognihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-9297Abstract Host shifts, when a cross-species transmission of a pathogen can lead to successful infections, are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. A complex challenge faced by the scientific community is to address the factors that determine whether the cross-species transmissions will result in spillover or sustained onwards infections. Here we review recent literature and present a perspective on current approaches we are using to understand the mechanisms underlying host shifts. We highlight the usefulness of the interactions between Drosophila species and viruses as an ideal study model. Additionally, we discuss how cross-infection experiments — when pathogens from a natural reservoir are intentionally injected in novel host species— can test the effect cross-species transmissions may have on the fitness of virus and host, and how the host phylogeny may influence this response. We also discuss experiments evaluating how cooccurrence with other viruses or the presence of the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia may affect the performance of new viruses in a novel host. Finally, we discuss the need of surveys of virus diversity in natural populations using next-generation sequencing technologies. In the long term, these approaches can contribute to a better understanding of the basic biology of host shifts.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572021000200302&tlng=enWolbachiaevolutioninfectioncooccurrencevirus diversity |
| spellingShingle | André C. Pimentel Camila S. Beraldo Rodrigo Cogni Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions Genetics and Molecular Biology Wolbachia evolution infection cooccurrence virus diversity |
| title | Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions |
| title_full | Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions |
| title_fullStr | Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions |
| title_short | Host-shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases: Experimental approaches using Drosophila-virus interactions |
| title_sort | host shift as the cause of emerging infectious diseases experimental approaches using drosophila virus interactions |
| topic | Wolbachia evolution infection cooccurrence virus diversity |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572021000200302&tlng=en |
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