Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies
While bars are common in disk galaxies, their formation conditions are not well understood. We use N -body simulations to study the formation and evolution of a bar in isolated galaxies consisting of a stellar disk, a classical bulge, and a dark halo. We consider 24 galaxy models that are similar to...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7bc |
| _version_ | 1797702070971662336 |
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| author | Dajeong Jang Woong-Tae Kim |
| author_facet | Dajeong Jang Woong-Tae Kim |
| author_sort | Dajeong Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While bars are common in disk galaxies, their formation conditions are not well understood. We use N -body simulations to study the formation and evolution of a bar in isolated galaxies consisting of a stellar disk, a classical bulge, and a dark halo. We consider 24 galaxy models that are similar to the Milky Way but differ in the mass and compactness of the classical bulge and halo concentration. We find that the bar formation requires ${({Q}_{T,\min }/1.2)}^{2}+{(\mathrm{CMC}/0.05)}^{2}\lesssim 1$ , where ${Q}_{T,\min }$ and CMC refer to the minimum value of the Toomre stability parameter and the central mass concentration, respectively. Bars tend to be stronger and longer, and to rotate more slowly, in galaxies with a less massive and less compact bulge and halo. All bars formed in our models correspond to slow bars. A model with the bulge mass of ∼10%–20% of the disk under a concentrated halo produces a bar similar to that of the Milky Way. We discuss our findings in relation to other bar formation criteria suggested by previous studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:44:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4cc3a2ab47f0410e8d7ef5da1bd5455d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:44:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-4cc3a2ab47f0410e8d7ef5da1bd5455d2023-09-03T09:29:26ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01942210610.3847/1538-4357/aca7bcEffects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk GalaxiesDajeong Jang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-4373Woong-Tae Kim1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-229XDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea ; unitree@snu.ac.krDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea ; unitree@snu.ac.kr; SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaWhile bars are common in disk galaxies, their formation conditions are not well understood. We use N -body simulations to study the formation and evolution of a bar in isolated galaxies consisting of a stellar disk, a classical bulge, and a dark halo. We consider 24 galaxy models that are similar to the Milky Way but differ in the mass and compactness of the classical bulge and halo concentration. We find that the bar formation requires ${({Q}_{T,\min }/1.2)}^{2}+{(\mathrm{CMC}/0.05)}^{2}\lesssim 1$ , where ${Q}_{T,\min }$ and CMC refer to the minimum value of the Toomre stability parameter and the central mass concentration, respectively. Bars tend to be stronger and longer, and to rotate more slowly, in galaxies with a less massive and less compact bulge and halo. All bars formed in our models correspond to slow bars. A model with the bulge mass of ∼10%–20% of the disk under a concentrated halo produces a bar similar to that of the Milky Way. We discuss our findings in relation to other bar formation criteria suggested by previous studies.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7bcDisk galaxiesMilky Way GalaxyGalaxy bulgesGalaxy disksBarred spiral galaxiesGalaxy bars |
| spellingShingle | Dajeong Jang Woong-Tae Kim Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies The Astrophysical Journal Disk galaxies Milky Way Galaxy Galaxy bulges Galaxy disks Barred spiral galaxies Galaxy bars |
| title | Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies |
| title_full | Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies |
| title_short | Effects of the Central Mass Concentration on Bar Formation in Disk Galaxies |
| title_sort | effects of the central mass concentration on bar formation in disk galaxies |
| topic | Disk galaxies Milky Way Galaxy Galaxy bulges Galaxy disks Barred spiral galaxies Galaxy bars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7bc |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dajeongjang effectsofthecentralmassconcentrationonbarformationindiskgalaxies AT woongtaekim effectsofthecentralmassconcentrationonbarformationindiskgalaxies |