The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi
In fungi, the methylcitrate cycle converts cytotoxic propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to pyruvate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle converts acetyl-CoA to succinate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central carbon metabolic pathway that connects the methylc...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6667 |
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| author | Zhicheng Huang Qing Wang Irshad Ali Khan Yan Li Jing Wang Jiaoyu Wang Xiaohong Liu Fucheng Lin Jianping Lu |
| author_facet | Zhicheng Huang Qing Wang Irshad Ali Khan Yan Li Jing Wang Jiaoyu Wang Xiaohong Liu Fucheng Lin Jianping Lu |
| author_sort | Zhicheng Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In fungi, the methylcitrate cycle converts cytotoxic propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to pyruvate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle converts acetyl-CoA to succinate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central carbon metabolic pathway that connects the methylcitrate cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and other metabolisms for lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Fungal citrate synthase and 2-methylcitrate synthase as well as isocitrate lyase and 2-methylisocitrate lyase, each evolved from a common ancestral protein. Impairment of the methylcitrate cycle leads to the accumulation of toxic intermediates such as propionyl-CoA, 2-methylcitrate, and 2-methylisocitrate in fungal cells, which in turn inhibits the activity of many enzymes such as dehydrogenases and remodels cellular carbon metabolic processes. The methylcitrate cycle and the glyoxylate cycle synergistically regulate carbon source utilization as well as fungal growth, development, and pathogenic process in pathogenic fungi. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:24:03Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:24:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ccab672a36f4db9a316861e84d7181d2023-11-19T12:10:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-09-012818666710.3390/molecules28186667The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic FungiZhicheng Huang0Qing Wang1Irshad Ali Khan2Yan Li3Jing Wang4Jiaoyu Wang5Xiaohong Liu6Fucheng Lin7Jianping Lu8State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Khyber 29380, PakistanState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaInstitute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaIn fungi, the methylcitrate cycle converts cytotoxic propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to pyruvate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle converts acetyl-CoA to succinate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central carbon metabolic pathway that connects the methylcitrate cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and other metabolisms for lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Fungal citrate synthase and 2-methylcitrate synthase as well as isocitrate lyase and 2-methylisocitrate lyase, each evolved from a common ancestral protein. Impairment of the methylcitrate cycle leads to the accumulation of toxic intermediates such as propionyl-CoA, 2-methylcitrate, and 2-methylisocitrate in fungal cells, which in turn inhibits the activity of many enzymes such as dehydrogenases and remodels cellular carbon metabolic processes. The methylcitrate cycle and the glyoxylate cycle synergistically regulate carbon source utilization as well as fungal growth, development, and pathogenic process in pathogenic fungi.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6667acetyl-CoAcitrate synthasegrowthisocitrate lyase2-methylcitrate synthase2-methylisocitrate lyase |
| spellingShingle | Zhicheng Huang Qing Wang Irshad Ali Khan Yan Li Jing Wang Jiaoyu Wang Xiaohong Liu Fucheng Lin Jianping Lu The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi Molecules acetyl-CoA citrate synthase growth isocitrate lyase 2-methylcitrate synthase 2-methylisocitrate lyase |
| title | The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full | The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_fullStr | The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_short | The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi |
| title_sort | methylcitrate cycle and its crosstalk with the glyoxylate cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle in pathogenic fungi |
| topic | acetyl-CoA citrate synthase growth isocitrate lyase 2-methylcitrate synthase 2-methylisocitrate lyase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6667 |
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