Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation
With increasing antimicrobial resistance there is an urgent need for new strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of utilizing ruthenium(IV) complexes (H<sub>3</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(HL1)<sub>2</sub>[RuCl<sub>6...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/4938 |
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| author | Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka Patrycja Rogala Grzegorz Czerwonka Sławomir Michałkiewicz Maciej Hodorowicz Paweł Kowalczyk |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka Patrycja Rogala Grzegorz Czerwonka Sławomir Michałkiewicz Maciej Hodorowicz Paweł Kowalczyk |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With increasing antimicrobial resistance there is an urgent need for new strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of utilizing ruthenium(IV) complexes (H<sub>3</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(HL1)<sub>2</sub>[RuCl<sub>6</sub>]·2Cl·2EtOH (<b>1</b>) and [RuCl<sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>](L<sup>3</sup>2)·H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>) (where L1-2-hydroxymethylbenzimadazole, L<sup>3</sup>2-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) as effective inhibitors for biofilms formation. The biological activities of the compounds were explored using <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> LES B58. The new chloride ruthenium complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic and electrochemical (CV, DPV) measurements, and solution conductivity. In the obtained complexes, the ruthenium(IV) ions possess an octahedral environment. The intermolecular classical and rare weak hydrogen bonds, and π···π stacking interactions significantly contribute to structure stabilization, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly. The microbiological tests have shown complex <b>1</b> exhibited a slightly higher anti-biofilm activity than that of compound <b>2</b>. Interestingly, electrochemical studies have allowed us to determine the relationship between the oxidizing properties of complexes and their biological activity. Probably the mechanism of action of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> is associated with generating a cellular response similar to oxidative stress in bacterial cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:20:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ce5b29ea7044cf09b53fbbde41c1635 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:20:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ce5b29ea7044cf09b53fbbde41c16352023-11-20T18:30:18ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-10-012521493810.3390/molecules25214938Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm FormationAgnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka0Patrycja Rogala1Grzegorz Czerwonka2Sławomir Michałkiewicz3Maciej Hodorowicz4Paweł Kowalczyk5Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, PolandInstitute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Instytucka Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, PolandWith increasing antimicrobial resistance there is an urgent need for new strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of utilizing ruthenium(IV) complexes (H<sub>3</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(HL1)<sub>2</sub>[RuCl<sub>6</sub>]·2Cl·2EtOH (<b>1</b>) and [RuCl<sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>](L<sup>3</sup>2)·H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>) (where L1-2-hydroxymethylbenzimadazole, L<sup>3</sup>2-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) as effective inhibitors for biofilms formation. The biological activities of the compounds were explored using <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> LES B58. The new chloride ruthenium complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic and electrochemical (CV, DPV) measurements, and solution conductivity. In the obtained complexes, the ruthenium(IV) ions possess an octahedral environment. The intermolecular classical and rare weak hydrogen bonds, and π···π stacking interactions significantly contribute to structure stabilization, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly. The microbiological tests have shown complex <b>1</b> exhibited a slightly higher anti-biofilm activity than that of compound <b>2</b>. Interestingly, electrochemical studies have allowed us to determine the relationship between the oxidizing properties of complexes and their biological activity. Probably the mechanism of action of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> is associated with generating a cellular response similar to oxidative stress in bacterial cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/4938rutheniumstructural and spectroscopic studieselectrochemistryX-ray diffractionantibacterial and antibiofilm activity |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka Patrycja Rogala Grzegorz Czerwonka Sławomir Michałkiewicz Maciej Hodorowicz Paweł Kowalczyk Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation Molecules ruthenium structural and spectroscopic studies electrochemistry X-ray diffraction antibacterial and antibiofilm activity |
| title | Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation |
| title_full | Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation |
| title_fullStr | Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation |
| title_short | Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation |
| title_sort | ruthenium iv complexes as potential inhibitors of bacterial biofilm formation |
| topic | ruthenium structural and spectroscopic studies electrochemistry X-ray diffraction antibacterial and antibiofilm activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/4938 |
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