Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
This study applied an untargeted–targeted (UT) fingerprinting approach, based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS), to assess the effects of rainfall and temperature (both seasonal and elevational) on the tea metabolome. By this strategy...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/10/2447 |
| _version_ | 1797567150125219840 |
|---|---|
| author | Federico Stilo Giulia Tredici Carlo Bicchi Albert Robbat Joshua Morimoto Chiara Cordero |
| author_facet | Federico Stilo Giulia Tredici Carlo Bicchi Albert Robbat Joshua Morimoto Chiara Cordero |
| author_sort | Federico Stilo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study applied an untargeted–targeted (UT) fingerprinting approach, based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS), to assess the effects of rainfall and temperature (both seasonal and elevational) on the tea metabolome. By this strategy, the same compound found in multiple samples need only to be identified once, since chromatograms and mass spectral features are aligned in the data analysis process. Primary and specialized metabolites of leaves from two Chinese provinces, Yunnan (pu′erh) and Fujian (oolong), and a farm in South Carolina (USA, black tea) were studied. UT fingerprinting provided insight into plant metabolism activation/inhibition, taste and trigeminal sensations, and antioxidant properties, not easily attained by other analytical approaches. For example, pu′erh and oolong contained higher relative amounts of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. Conversely, black tea contained less of all targeted compounds except fructose and glucose, which were more similar to oolong tea. Findings revealed compounds statistically different between spring (pre-monsoon) and summer (monsoon) in pu′erh and oolong teas as well as compounds that exhibited the greatest variability due to seasonal and elevational differences. The UT fingerprinting approach offered unique insights into how differences in growing conditions and commercial processing affect the nutritional benefits and sensory characteristics of tea beverages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:37:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4cf0baa62b3b4840a333060f76d5c8aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:37:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4cf0baa62b3b4840a333060f76d5c8aa2023-11-20T01:34:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-05-012510244710.3390/molecules25102447Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometryFederico Stilo0Giulia Tredici1Carlo Bicchi2Albert Robbat3Joshua Morimoto4Chiara Cordero5Dipartimento di Scienza a Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza a Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza a Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USADepartment of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USADipartimento di Scienza a Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Turin, ItalyThis study applied an untargeted–targeted (UT) fingerprinting approach, based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS), to assess the effects of rainfall and temperature (both seasonal and elevational) on the tea metabolome. By this strategy, the same compound found in multiple samples need only to be identified once, since chromatograms and mass spectral features are aligned in the data analysis process. Primary and specialized metabolites of leaves from two Chinese provinces, Yunnan (pu′erh) and Fujian (oolong), and a farm in South Carolina (USA, black tea) were studied. UT fingerprinting provided insight into plant metabolism activation/inhibition, taste and trigeminal sensations, and antioxidant properties, not easily attained by other analytical approaches. For example, pu′erh and oolong contained higher relative amounts of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. Conversely, black tea contained less of all targeted compounds except fructose and glucose, which were more similar to oolong tea. Findings revealed compounds statistically different between spring (pre-monsoon) and summer (monsoon) in pu′erh and oolong teas as well as compounds that exhibited the greatest variability due to seasonal and elevational differences. The UT fingerprinting approach offered unique insights into how differences in growing conditions and commercial processing affect the nutritional benefits and sensory characteristics of tea beverages.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/10/2447comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographytime-of-flight mass spectrometryuntargeted-targeted UT fingerprintingtea metabolometea processingclimate events |
| spellingShingle | Federico Stilo Giulia Tredici Carlo Bicchi Albert Robbat Joshua Morimoto Chiara Cordero Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Molecules comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry untargeted-targeted UT fingerprinting tea metabolome tea processing climate events |
| title | Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Climate and Processing Effects on Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L. Kuntze) Metabolome: Accurate Profiling and Fingerprinting by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | climate and processing effects on tea i camellia sinensis i l kuntze metabolome accurate profiling and fingerprinting by comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry |
| topic | comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry untargeted-targeted UT fingerprinting tea metabolome tea processing climate events |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/10/2447 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT federicostilo climateandprocessingeffectsonteaicamelliasinensisilkuntzemetabolomeaccurateprofilingandfingerprintingbycomprehensivetwodimensionalgaschromatographytimeofflightmassspectrometry AT giuliatredici climateandprocessingeffectsonteaicamelliasinensisilkuntzemetabolomeaccurateprofilingandfingerprintingbycomprehensivetwodimensionalgaschromatographytimeofflightmassspectrometry AT carlobicchi climateandprocessingeffectsonteaicamelliasinensisilkuntzemetabolomeaccurateprofilingandfingerprintingbycomprehensivetwodimensionalgaschromatographytimeofflightmassspectrometry AT albertrobbat climateandprocessingeffectsonteaicamelliasinensisilkuntzemetabolomeaccurateprofilingandfingerprintingbycomprehensivetwodimensionalgaschromatographytimeofflightmassspectrometry AT joshuamorimoto climateandprocessingeffectsonteaicamelliasinensisilkuntzemetabolomeaccurateprofilingandfingerprintingbycomprehensivetwodimensionalgaschromatographytimeofflightmassspectrometry AT chiaracordero climateandprocessingeffectsonteaicamelliasinensisilkuntzemetabolomeaccurateprofilingandfingerprintingbycomprehensivetwodimensionalgaschromatographytimeofflightmassspectrometry |