Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets
Abstract Background Intestinal health remains a key factor in animal production because it is essential for digestion, absorption and bacterial fermentation. Feed additives have been used to attenuate the weaning stress such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and benzoic acid (C7H6O2). The objective of this study...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Animal Microbiome |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00151-y |
| _version_ | 1819097796532240384 |
|---|---|
| author | Caio Abercio da Silva Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira Bentin Cleandro Pazinato Dias Marco Aurélio Callegari Vitor Barbosa Facina Francine Taniguchi Falleiros Dias Adsos Passos Cláudia Cassimira da Silva Martins Marcio Carvalho Costa |
| author_facet | Caio Abercio da Silva Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira Bentin Cleandro Pazinato Dias Marco Aurélio Callegari Vitor Barbosa Facina Francine Taniguchi Falleiros Dias Adsos Passos Cláudia Cassimira da Silva Martins Marcio Carvalho Costa |
| author_sort | Caio Abercio da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Intestinal health remains a key factor in animal production because it is essential for digestion, absorption and bacterial fermentation. Feed additives have been used to attenuate the weaning stress such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and benzoic acid (C7H6O2). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of of benzoic acid and probiotics (BA + P) on performance, diarrhea and cecal microbiota of piglets in the nursery phase (23 to 65 days). Results One hundred and sixty weaned piglets with an initial weight of 6.335 ± 0.698 kg and 23 days of age were submitted to four treatments: supplementation with 2500 ppm of Zinc oxide (ZnO), supplementation with a commercial blend of benzoic acid and probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415; Vevogut P®) (BA + P), supplementation with Zinc oxide plus benzoic acid and probiotics (ZnO + BA + P), and controls receiving only the basal diet without any supplementation. At 65 days of age, 32 piglets (n = 8 per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of the cecal microbiota. Supplementation with ZnO and BA + P were associated with better feed conversion (P < 0.05) in the early stage (23 to 49 days) and with an improvement in all performance parameters over the entire experimental period. The occurrence of diarrhea was lower (P < 0.05) in the BA + P group. The 4 most abundant phyla along with unclassified bacteria represented 93% of all sequences. Firmicutes dominated the cecal microbiota of all groups, followed by Bacteroidetes. Richness represented by the observed number of genera and by the Chao index were statistically lower in ZnO and ZnO + BA + P supplemented animals compared to controls. The beta diversity analysis that compares similarities between bacterial communities demonstrated formation of two distinct clusters containing samples with and without supplementation with ZnO, confirming a strong influence of ZnO on the intestinal microbiota. Conclusion The use of Benzoic acid with probiotics yields similar performance results with lower impact on the gut microbiota compared to ZnO, and it should be considered as a potential alternative in swine production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:20:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4cf404dbf3c547afa4d39e7d82e5dcc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-4671 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:20:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Microbiome |
| spelling | doaj.art-4cf404dbf3c547afa4d39e7d82e5dcc72022-12-21T18:45:09ZengBMCAnimal Microbiome2524-46712021-12-013111010.1186/s42523-021-00151-yImpact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of pigletsCaio Abercio da Silva0Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira Bentin1Cleandro Pazinato Dias2Marco Aurélio Callegari3Vitor Barbosa Facina4Francine Taniguchi Falleiros Dias5Adsos Passos6Cláudia Cassimira da Silva Martins7Marcio Carvalho Costa8Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de LondrinaDepartment of Clinics, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp)Akei Animal ResearchAkei Animal ResearchDSM Nutritional Products Ltd.DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Université de MontréalAbstract Background Intestinal health remains a key factor in animal production because it is essential for digestion, absorption and bacterial fermentation. Feed additives have been used to attenuate the weaning stress such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and benzoic acid (C7H6O2). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of of benzoic acid and probiotics (BA + P) on performance, diarrhea and cecal microbiota of piglets in the nursery phase (23 to 65 days). Results One hundred and sixty weaned piglets with an initial weight of 6.335 ± 0.698 kg and 23 days of age were submitted to four treatments: supplementation with 2500 ppm of Zinc oxide (ZnO), supplementation with a commercial blend of benzoic acid and probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415; Vevogut P®) (BA + P), supplementation with Zinc oxide plus benzoic acid and probiotics (ZnO + BA + P), and controls receiving only the basal diet without any supplementation. At 65 days of age, 32 piglets (n = 8 per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of the cecal microbiota. Supplementation with ZnO and BA + P were associated with better feed conversion (P < 0.05) in the early stage (23 to 49 days) and with an improvement in all performance parameters over the entire experimental period. The occurrence of diarrhea was lower (P < 0.05) in the BA + P group. The 4 most abundant phyla along with unclassified bacteria represented 93% of all sequences. Firmicutes dominated the cecal microbiota of all groups, followed by Bacteroidetes. Richness represented by the observed number of genera and by the Chao index were statistically lower in ZnO and ZnO + BA + P supplemented animals compared to controls. The beta diversity analysis that compares similarities between bacterial communities demonstrated formation of two distinct clusters containing samples with and without supplementation with ZnO, confirming a strong influence of ZnO on the intestinal microbiota. Conclusion The use of Benzoic acid with probiotics yields similar performance results with lower impact on the gut microbiota compared to ZnO, and it should be considered as a potential alternative in swine production.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00151-yAntibioticsDiarrheaOrganic acidsSwine |
| spellingShingle | Caio Abercio da Silva Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira Bentin Cleandro Pazinato Dias Marco Aurélio Callegari Vitor Barbosa Facina Francine Taniguchi Falleiros Dias Adsos Passos Cláudia Cassimira da Silva Martins Marcio Carvalho Costa Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets Animal Microbiome Antibiotics Diarrhea Organic acids Swine |
| title | Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets |
| title_full | Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets |
| title_fullStr | Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets |
| title_short | Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets |
| title_sort | impact of zinc oxide benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets |
| topic | Antibiotics Diarrhea Organic acids Swine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00151-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT caioaberciodasilva impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT leonardoaparecidoteixeirabentin impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT cleandropazinatodias impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT marcoaureliocallegari impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT vitorbarbosafacina impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT francinetaniguchifalleirosdias impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT adsospassos impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT claudiacassimiradasilvamartins impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets AT marciocarvalhocosta impactofzincoxidebenzoicacidandprobioticsontheperformanceandcecalmicrobiotaofpiglets |