Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (<i>WOX</i>) gene family are key players in the rooting process. <i>Eucalyptus</i> is an important plant species of artificial forests in China. It is mainly grown through tissue culture of many excellent clonal materials, in which rooting is a ke...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| author | Mingqiu Chen Jianzhong Luo Yan Lin Anying Huang Guo Liu |
| author_facet | Mingqiu Chen Jianzhong Luo Yan Lin Anying Huang Guo Liu |
| author_sort | Mingqiu Chen |
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| description | The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (<i>WOX</i>) gene family are key players in the rooting process. <i>Eucalyptus</i> is an important plant species of artificial forests in China. It is mainly grown through tissue culture of many excellent clonal materials, in which rooting is a key step. In the present study, by using the genome data of <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>, <i>Corymbia citriodora</i>, <i>E. pellita</i>, and <i>E. urophylla</i> × <i>E. grandis</i>, the members of the eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> gene family were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. The eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> gene family members are unstable proteins, with 7 acidic proteins and 24 basic proteins, and no signal peptide region was detected. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that all these proteins are localized in the nucleus. Motif analysis showed that eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> genes share the same motifs. Phylogenetic tree and gene expression analyses revealed that the eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> genes are highly conserved during the evolution process. Moreover, the WOX protein sequences are also highly conserved within the species, with higher similarity between woody plants. The <i>EupWOX</i> gene showed tissue-specific expression, with <i>EupWOX1</i> and <i>EupWOX11</i> specifically expressed in the roots of <i>E. urophylla</i> × <i>E. pellita</i> clonal tissue culture during the late-stage rooting. This finding suggests that <i>EupWOX1</i> may be a key regulatory gene induced by the root primordium and is critically related to the rooting rate. <i>EupWOX1</i>, <i>EupWOX5</i>, and <i>EupWOX13</i> could be the key regulatory genes for adventitious root formation. <i>EupWOX1</i>, <i>EupWOX5</i>, and <i>EupWOX13</i> could be the key regulatory genes for the elongation of adventitious roots and the growth of adventitious lateral roots. <i>EupWOX5</i> and <i>EupWOX13</i> could play a critical role, not only in the formation of adventitious roots and adventitious lateral roots of <i>E. urophylla</i> clonal tissue culture but also in the root elongation process. These results will help us understand the complexity of rooting in different lines and provide valuable information for future functional characterization of specific genes in eucalyptus clones. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4cfc1fa9953f46928e9dfe7f752c58d52024-03-27T13:41:36ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072024-02-0115344210.3390/f15030442Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious RootMingqiu Chen0Jianzhong Luo1Yan Lin2Anying Huang3Guo Liu4Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, ChinaResearch Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, ChinaResearch Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, ChinaResearch Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, ChinaResearch Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, ChinaThe WUSCHEL-related homeobox (<i>WOX</i>) gene family are key players in the rooting process. <i>Eucalyptus</i> is an important plant species of artificial forests in China. It is mainly grown through tissue culture of many excellent clonal materials, in which rooting is a key step. In the present study, by using the genome data of <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>, <i>Corymbia citriodora</i>, <i>E. pellita</i>, and <i>E. urophylla</i> × <i>E. grandis</i>, the members of the eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> gene family were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. The eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> gene family members are unstable proteins, with 7 acidic proteins and 24 basic proteins, and no signal peptide region was detected. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that all these proteins are localized in the nucleus. Motif analysis showed that eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> genes share the same motifs. Phylogenetic tree and gene expression analyses revealed that the eucalyptus <i>WOX</i> genes are highly conserved during the evolution process. Moreover, the WOX protein sequences are also highly conserved within the species, with higher similarity between woody plants. The <i>EupWOX</i> gene showed tissue-specific expression, with <i>EupWOX1</i> and <i>EupWOX11</i> specifically expressed in the roots of <i>E. urophylla</i> × <i>E. pellita</i> clonal tissue culture during the late-stage rooting. This finding suggests that <i>EupWOX1</i> may be a key regulatory gene induced by the root primordium and is critically related to the rooting rate. <i>EupWOX1</i>, <i>EupWOX5</i>, and <i>EupWOX13</i> could be the key regulatory genes for adventitious root formation. <i>EupWOX1</i>, <i>EupWOX5</i>, and <i>EupWOX13</i> could be the key regulatory genes for the elongation of adventitious roots and the growth of adventitious lateral roots. <i>EupWOX5</i> and <i>EupWOX13</i> could play a critical role, not only in the formation of adventitious roots and adventitious lateral roots of <i>E. urophylla</i> clonal tissue culture but also in the root elongation process. These results will help us understand the complexity of rooting in different lines and provide valuable information for future functional characterization of specific genes in eucalyptus clones.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/442<i>Eucalyptus</i><i>WOX</i> gene familyrootingexpression profile |
| spellingShingle | Mingqiu Chen Jianzhong Luo Yan Lin Anying Huang Guo Liu Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root Forests <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>WOX</i> gene family rooting expression profile |
| title | Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root |
| title_full | Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root |
| title_short | Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of <i>WOX</i> Family Genes in the Formation of <i>Eucalyptus</i> Adventitious Root |
| title_sort | identification and expression profile analysis of i wox i family genes in the formation of i eucalyptus i adventitious root |
| topic | <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>WOX</i> gene family rooting expression profile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/442 |
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