Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population
Diet plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota. However, much remains to be learned regarding this association. We analyzed dietary intake and gut microbiota in a community-dwelling cohort of 441 Colombians. Diet quality, intake of food groups and nutrient consumption were paired with microb...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2938 |
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| author | Ángela S. García-Vega Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo Alejandro Reyes Juan S. Escobar |
| author_facet | Ángela S. García-Vega Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo Alejandro Reyes Juan S. Escobar |
| author_sort | Ángela S. García-Vega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diet plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota. However, much remains to be learned regarding this association. We analyzed dietary intake and gut microbiota in a community-dwelling cohort of 441 Colombians. Diet quality, intake of food groups and nutrient consumption were paired with microbial diversity and composition using linear regressions, Procrustes analyses and a random-forest machine-learning algorithm. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including the five cities from where the participants originated, sex (male, female), age group (18–40 and 41–62 years), BMI (lean, overweight, obese) and socioeconomic status. Microbial diversity was higher in individuals with increased intake of nutrients obtained from plant-food sources, whereas the intake of food groups and nutrients correlated with microbiota structure. Random-forest regressions identified microbial communities associated with different diet components. Two remarkable results confirmed previous expectations regarding the link between diet and microbiota: communities composed of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were more prevalent in the microbiota of individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and plant-food sources, such as fruits, vegetables and beans. In contrast, an inflammatory microbiota composed of bile-tolerant and putrefactive microorganisms along with opportunistic pathogens thrived in individuals consuming diets enriched in animal-food sources and of low quality, i.e., enriched in ultraprocessed foods and depleted in dietary fiber. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between dietary intake and gut microbiota. We provide evidence that diet is strongly associated with the gut microbial community and highlight generalizable connections between them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:03:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4cff417370684c83938f575fdce9114e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:03:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-4cff417370684c83938f575fdce9114e2023-11-20T15:04:13ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-09-011210293810.3390/nu12102938Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern PopulationÁngela S. García-Vega0Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo1Alejandro Reyes2Juan S. Escobar3Vidarium–Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur #50-67, Medellin 050023, ColombiaVidarium–Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur #50-67, Medellin 050023, ColombiaMax Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Research Group in Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology (BCEM), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18-10, Bogota 111711, ColombiaVidarium–Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur #50-67, Medellin 050023, ColombiaDiet plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota. However, much remains to be learned regarding this association. We analyzed dietary intake and gut microbiota in a community-dwelling cohort of 441 Colombians. Diet quality, intake of food groups and nutrient consumption were paired with microbial diversity and composition using linear regressions, Procrustes analyses and a random-forest machine-learning algorithm. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including the five cities from where the participants originated, sex (male, female), age group (18–40 and 41–62 years), BMI (lean, overweight, obese) and socioeconomic status. Microbial diversity was higher in individuals with increased intake of nutrients obtained from plant-food sources, whereas the intake of food groups and nutrients correlated with microbiota structure. Random-forest regressions identified microbial communities associated with different diet components. Two remarkable results confirmed previous expectations regarding the link between diet and microbiota: communities composed of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were more prevalent in the microbiota of individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and plant-food sources, such as fruits, vegetables and beans. In contrast, an inflammatory microbiota composed of bile-tolerant and putrefactive microorganisms along with opportunistic pathogens thrived in individuals consuming diets enriched in animal-food sources and of low quality, i.e., enriched in ultraprocessed foods and depleted in dietary fiber. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between dietary intake and gut microbiota. We provide evidence that diet is strongly associated with the gut microbial community and highlight generalizable connections between them.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2938food consumption24-h dietary recallgut microbiome16S rRNAshort-chain fatty acidscommunity dwellers |
| spellingShingle | Ángela S. García-Vega Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo Alejandro Reyes Juan S. Escobar Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population Nutrients food consumption 24-h dietary recall gut microbiome 16S rRNA short-chain fatty acids community dwellers |
| title | Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population |
| title_full | Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population |
| title_fullStr | Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population |
| title_short | Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population |
| title_sort | diet quality food groups and nutrients associated with the gut microbiota in a nonwestern population |
| topic | food consumption 24-h dietary recall gut microbiome 16S rRNA short-chain fatty acids community dwellers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2938 |
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