First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Obese women are more likely to experience pregnancy complications. The distribution of fat, and more particularly the rise in visceral fat, is well established to be more closely linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome than obesity itself. We aim to examine the relations...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/144 |
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| author | Francisco Brenes-Martín Victoria Melero-Jiménez Miguel Ángel López-Guerrero María Mercedes Calero-Ruiz Luis Vázquez-Fonseca Jessica Ábalos-Martínez Rocío Quintero-Prado Rafael Torrejón Francisco Visiedo Fernando Bugatto |
| author_facet | Francisco Brenes-Martín Victoria Melero-Jiménez Miguel Ángel López-Guerrero María Mercedes Calero-Ruiz Luis Vázquez-Fonseca Jessica Ábalos-Martínez Rocío Quintero-Prado Rafael Torrejón Francisco Visiedo Fernando Bugatto |
| author_sort | Francisco Brenes-Martín |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obese women are more likely to experience pregnancy complications. The distribution of fat, and more particularly the rise in visceral fat, is well established to be more closely linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome than obesity itself. We aim to examine the relationship between maternal visceral fat assessment in the first trimester and the appearance of adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective cohort study including 416 pregnant women was conducted. During the first trimester scan (11–13 + 6 weeks), all individuals had their visceral fat and subcutaneous thicknesses measured by ultrasonography. Blood samples were obtained, and maternal demographics and clinical information were documented. After delivery, the obstetric outcomes were evaluated. We contrasted two groups: one with healthy pregnancies and the other with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), defined as the development of at least one of the following complications: gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abnormal fetal growth, preterm delivery or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Median maternal age was 33 and 34 years old for the uncomplicated and adverse pregnancy outcomes groups, respectively. We found that women with adverse pregnancy outcomes had higher VFT (median 30 vs. 26.5 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and SFT (median 18.9 vs. 17.1 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.03). However, the visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio was not statistically different between groups. Finally, we performed a subanalysis for metabolic and placental vascular dysfunction complications. After performing a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, smoking, and mean arterial pressure, both the VFT (aOR 1.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the ratio of visceral/subcutaneous fat (aOR 1.37, <i>p</i> = 0.04) were significantly associated with the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the associations of VFT and the VFT-to-SFT ratio were higher for the occurrence of gestational diabetes (aOR 1.07, <i>p</i> < 0.001; aOR 2.09, <i>p</i> = 0.001; respectively) and showed no relationships with placental complications. When conducting a first-trimester ultrasound assessment, sonographers may measure VFT without additional time or cost involved. Identification of pregnant women with increased VFT (>37 mm) may benefit from a close follow-up, especially for the development of gestational diabetes, independent of BMI. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4d05a3703a0f45ab9f5b8c9b010c0d132023-11-16T19:12:11ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-01-0112214410.3390/biology12020144First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy OutcomesFrancisco Brenes-Martín0Victoria Melero-Jiménez1Miguel Ángel López-Guerrero2María Mercedes Calero-Ruiz3Luis Vázquez-Fonseca4Jessica Ábalos-Martínez5Rocío Quintero-Prado6Rafael Torrejón7Francisco Visiedo8Fernando Bugatto9Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainInflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Pregnancy Group (CO25), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Pregnancy Group (CO25), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Pregnancy Group (CO25), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainInflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Pregnancy Group (CO25), Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, SpainObese women are more likely to experience pregnancy complications. The distribution of fat, and more particularly the rise in visceral fat, is well established to be more closely linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome than obesity itself. We aim to examine the relationship between maternal visceral fat assessment in the first trimester and the appearance of adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective cohort study including 416 pregnant women was conducted. During the first trimester scan (11–13 + 6 weeks), all individuals had their visceral fat and subcutaneous thicknesses measured by ultrasonography. Blood samples were obtained, and maternal demographics and clinical information were documented. After delivery, the obstetric outcomes were evaluated. We contrasted two groups: one with healthy pregnancies and the other with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), defined as the development of at least one of the following complications: gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abnormal fetal growth, preterm delivery or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Median maternal age was 33 and 34 years old for the uncomplicated and adverse pregnancy outcomes groups, respectively. We found that women with adverse pregnancy outcomes had higher VFT (median 30 vs. 26.5 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and SFT (median 18.9 vs. 17.1 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.03). However, the visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio was not statistically different between groups. Finally, we performed a subanalysis for metabolic and placental vascular dysfunction complications. After performing a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, smoking, and mean arterial pressure, both the VFT (aOR 1.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the ratio of visceral/subcutaneous fat (aOR 1.37, <i>p</i> = 0.04) were significantly associated with the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the associations of VFT and the VFT-to-SFT ratio were higher for the occurrence of gestational diabetes (aOR 1.07, <i>p</i> < 0.001; aOR 2.09, <i>p</i> = 0.001; respectively) and showed no relationships with placental complications. When conducting a first-trimester ultrasound assessment, sonographers may measure VFT without additional time or cost involved. Identification of pregnant women with increased VFT (>37 mm) may benefit from a close follow-up, especially for the development of gestational diabetes, independent of BMI.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/144visceral fatsubcutaneous fatadverse pregnancy outcomesadipositymaternal obesitypregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Francisco Brenes-Martín Victoria Melero-Jiménez Miguel Ángel López-Guerrero María Mercedes Calero-Ruiz Luis Vázquez-Fonseca Jessica Ábalos-Martínez Rocío Quintero-Prado Rafael Torrejón Francisco Visiedo Fernando Bugatto First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Biology visceral fat subcutaneous fat adverse pregnancy outcomes adiposity maternal obesity pregnancy |
| title | First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes |
| title_full | First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes |
| title_fullStr | First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes |
| title_short | First Trimester Evaluation of Maternal Visceral Fat and Its Relationship with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes |
| title_sort | first trimester evaluation of maternal visceral fat and its relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes |
| topic | visceral fat subcutaneous fat adverse pregnancy outcomes adiposity maternal obesity pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/144 |
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