First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea
<i>Botrylloides</i> species are important members of the fouling community colonizing artificial substrates in harbors and marinas. During monitoring in 2017–2020 of non-indigenous species in Korea, one colonial ascidian species was distinctly different from other native colonial ascidia...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2164 |
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| author | Taekjun Lee Sook Shin |
| author_facet | Taekjun Lee Sook Shin |
| author_sort | Taekjun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Botrylloides</i> species are important members of the fouling community colonizing artificial substrates in harbors and marinas. During monitoring in 2017–2020 of non-indigenous species in Korea, one colonial ascidian species was distinctly different from other native colonial ascidians, such as <i>B. violaceus</i> and <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i>, in South Korea. This species was identified as <i>B. diegensis</i>. DNA barcodes with mitochondrial COI were used to identify one-toned and two-toned colonies of <i>B. diegensis</i>. Intraspecific variations between Korean and other regions of <i>B. diegensis</i> from the NCBI ranged from 0.0% to 1.3%. The Korean <i>B. diegensis</i> was clearly distinct from other species of <i>Botrylloides</i> at 15.8–24.2%. In phylogenetic analysis results, Korean <i>B. diegensis</i> was established as a single clade with other regions of <i>B. diegensis</i> and was clearly distinct from Korean <i>B. violaceus</i>. After reviewing previous monitoring data, it was found that two-toned <i>B. diegensis</i> was already found in six harbors by July 2017. It has now spread into 14 harbors along the coastal line of South Korea. This means that <i>B. diegensis</i> might have been introduced to South Korea between 1999 and 2016. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d09213921104c91be6188f831c94cb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d09213921104c91be6188f831c94cb92023-11-22T10:13:35ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-011316216410.3390/w13162164First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South KoreaTaekjun Lee0Sook Shin1Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, KoreaDepartment of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea<i>Botrylloides</i> species are important members of the fouling community colonizing artificial substrates in harbors and marinas. During monitoring in 2017–2020 of non-indigenous species in Korea, one colonial ascidian species was distinctly different from other native colonial ascidians, such as <i>B. violaceus</i> and <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i>, in South Korea. This species was identified as <i>B. diegensis</i>. DNA barcodes with mitochondrial COI were used to identify one-toned and two-toned colonies of <i>B. diegensis</i>. Intraspecific variations between Korean and other regions of <i>B. diegensis</i> from the NCBI ranged from 0.0% to 1.3%. The Korean <i>B. diegensis</i> was clearly distinct from other species of <i>Botrylloides</i> at 15.8–24.2%. In phylogenetic analysis results, Korean <i>B. diegensis</i> was established as a single clade with other regions of <i>B. diegensis</i> and was clearly distinct from Korean <i>B. violaceus</i>. After reviewing previous monitoring data, it was found that two-toned <i>B. diegensis</i> was already found in six harbors by July 2017. It has now spread into 14 harbors along the coastal line of South Korea. This means that <i>B. diegensis</i> might have been introduced to South Korea between 1999 and 2016.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2164non-indigenous speciesalien speciesbotryllidsDNA barcodingCOI |
| spellingShingle | Taekjun Lee Sook Shin First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea Water non-indigenous species alien species botryllids DNA barcoding COI |
| title | First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea |
| title_full | First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea |
| title_fullStr | First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea |
| title_short | First Record of Colonial Ascidian, <i>Botrylloides diegensis</i> Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 (Ascidiacea, Stolidobranchia, Styelidae), in South Korea |
| title_sort | first record of colonial ascidian i botrylloides diegensis i ritter and forsyth 1917 ascidiacea stolidobranchia styelidae in south korea |
| topic | non-indigenous species alien species botryllids DNA barcoding COI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2164 |
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