Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada
IntroductionMassive tree mortality events in western Canada due to widespread infestation by mountain pine beetle (MPB) are expected to impact local-to-regional evapotranspiration (ET) dynamics during and after a disturbance. How ecosystem-level ET and its components may vary with canopy-tree mortal...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| author | Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Xin Jia Xin Jia Xin Jia Hongxian Zhao Hongxian Zhao Hongxian Zhao Xinhao Li Xinhao Li Xinhao Li Yanmei Mu Yanmei Mu Yanmei Mu Tianshan Zha Tianshan Zha Tianshan Zha Peng Liu Peng Liu Peng Liu Charles P.-A. Bourque Charles P.-A. Bourque |
| author_facet | Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Xin Jia Xin Jia Xin Jia Hongxian Zhao Hongxian Zhao Hongxian Zhao Xinhao Li Xinhao Li Xinhao Li Yanmei Mu Yanmei Mu Yanmei Mu Tianshan Zha Tianshan Zha Tianshan Zha Peng Liu Peng Liu Peng Liu Charles P.-A. Bourque Charles P.-A. Bourque |
| author_sort | Shaorong Hao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionMassive tree mortality events in western Canada due to widespread infestation by mountain pine beetle (MPB) are expected to impact local-to-regional evapotranspiration (ET) dynamics during and after a disturbance. How ecosystem-level ET and its components may vary with canopy-tree mortality (treefall) and subsequent understory recovery remains unclear.MethodsWe used 10 years of continuous eddy-covariance and remote-sensing data (2007–2016) and machine-learning models based on random forest and xgboost to determine forest- and climate-driven effects at temporal scales appropriate for a lodgepole pine-dominated stand following a major, five-year MPB disturbance initiated in the summer of 2006.ResultsTotal annual ET over the 10 years ranged from 207.2 to 384.6 mm, with annual plant transpiration (T) contributing to 57 ± 5.4% (mean ± standard deviation) of annual ET. Annual ET initially declined (2007–2011) and then increased (2011–2016), with ET and T/ET increasing at statistically non-significant rates of approximately 3.2 and 1.2% per year from 2007 to 2016. Air temperature (Ta) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were the most important predictors of seasonal variation in ET and T/ET during the 10-year period, with high Ta, VPD, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) causing ET and T/ET to increase. Annual ET increased with both increasing spring Ta and decreasing VPD. Annual T/ET was shown to increase with increasing VPD and decrease with increasing volumetric soil water content at a 5-cm depth (VWC5). Enhanced vegetation index (EVI, an indicator of canopy greenness) lagged T and overstory tree mortality, whereas previous- and current-year values of EVI were shown to be poor predictors of annual ET and T/ET.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings suggest that the promotion of climate factors on forest ecosystem-level water vapor fluxes may offset reductions promoted by MPB outbreaks. Climate processes affected water vapor fluxes more than biotic factors, like stand greenness, highlighting the need to include climate-regulatory mechanisms in predictive models of ET dynamics during and subsequent to stand disturbance. Climate and forest-greenness effects on water vapor fluxes need to be explored at even longer time scales, e.g., at decadal scales, to capture long-drawn-out trends associated with stand disturbance and its subsequent recovery. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-4d221591982144bf85d2b8525f2d90562024-02-14T04:45:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2024-02-01710.3389/ffgc.2024.13528531352853Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, CanadaShaorong Hao0Shaorong Hao1Shaorong Hao2Shaorong Hao3Xin Jia4Xin Jia5Xin Jia6Hongxian Zhao7Hongxian Zhao8Hongxian Zhao9Xinhao Li10Xinhao Li11Xinhao Li12Yanmei Mu13Yanmei Mu14Yanmei Mu15Tianshan Zha16Tianshan Zha17Tianshan Zha18Peng Liu19Peng Liu20Peng Liu21Charles P.-A. Bourque22Charles P.-A. Bourque23State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaFaculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, CanadaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaFaculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, CanadaYanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionMassive tree mortality events in western Canada due to widespread infestation by mountain pine beetle (MPB) are expected to impact local-to-regional evapotranspiration (ET) dynamics during and after a disturbance. How ecosystem-level ET and its components may vary with canopy-tree mortality (treefall) and subsequent understory recovery remains unclear.MethodsWe used 10 years of continuous eddy-covariance and remote-sensing data (2007–2016) and machine-learning models based on random forest and xgboost to determine forest- and climate-driven effects at temporal scales appropriate for a lodgepole pine-dominated stand following a major, five-year MPB disturbance initiated in the summer of 2006.ResultsTotal annual ET over the 10 years ranged from 207.2 to 384.6 mm, with annual plant transpiration (T) contributing to 57 ± 5.4% (mean ± standard deviation) of annual ET. Annual ET initially declined (2007–2011) and then increased (2011–2016), with ET and T/ET increasing at statistically non-significant rates of approximately 3.2 and 1.2% per year from 2007 to 2016. Air temperature (Ta) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were the most important predictors of seasonal variation in ET and T/ET during the 10-year period, with high Ta, VPD, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) causing ET and T/ET to increase. Annual ET increased with both increasing spring Ta and decreasing VPD. Annual T/ET was shown to increase with increasing VPD and decrease with increasing volumetric soil water content at a 5-cm depth (VWC5). Enhanced vegetation index (EVI, an indicator of canopy greenness) lagged T and overstory tree mortality, whereas previous- and current-year values of EVI were shown to be poor predictors of annual ET and T/ET.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings suggest that the promotion of climate factors on forest ecosystem-level water vapor fluxes may offset reductions promoted by MPB outbreaks. Climate processes affected water vapor fluxes more than biotic factors, like stand greenness, highlighting the need to include climate-regulatory mechanisms in predictive models of ET dynamics during and subsequent to stand disturbance. Climate and forest-greenness effects on water vapor fluxes need to be explored at even longer time scales, e.g., at decadal scales, to capture long-drawn-out trends associated with stand disturbance and its subsequent recovery.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1352853/fullclimate changeevapotranspiration partitioningevergreen needle forestforest disturbancemountain pine beetlevegetation greenness index |
| spellingShingle | Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Shaorong Hao Xin Jia Xin Jia Xin Jia Hongxian Zhao Hongxian Zhao Hongxian Zhao Xinhao Li Xinhao Li Xinhao Li Yanmei Mu Yanmei Mu Yanmei Mu Tianshan Zha Tianshan Zha Tianshan Zha Peng Liu Peng Liu Peng Liu Charles P.-A. Bourque Charles P.-A. Bourque Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada Frontiers in Forests and Global Change climate change evapotranspiration partitioning evergreen needle forest forest disturbance mountain pine beetle vegetation greenness index |
| title | Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada |
| title_full | Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada |
| title_fullStr | Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada |
| title_short | Evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia, Canada |
| title_sort | evapotranspiration and its partitioning during and following a mountain pine beetle infestation of a lodgepole pine stand in the interior of british columbia canada |
| topic | climate change evapotranspiration partitioning evergreen needle forest forest disturbance mountain pine beetle vegetation greenness index |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1352853/full |
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