Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units
Abstract The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C16 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope ana...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9 |
| _version_ | 1797630094989066240 |
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| author | Yulin Sun Alberto Ruiz Orduna Zhonghang Zhang Sarah J. Feakins Reinhard Jetter |
| author_facet | Yulin Sun Alberto Ruiz Orduna Zhonghang Zhang Sarah J. Feakins Reinhard Jetter |
| author_sort | Yulin Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C16 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope analysis further shows that the major (C31) diketone is synthesized from two plastidial C16 acyl units. Previous studies identified a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for β-diketone formation in barley, but left their biochemical functions unknown. Various assays now characterize one of these enzymes as a thioesterase producing long-chain (mainly C16) 3-ketoacids, and another one as a polyketide synthase (PKS) condensing the 3-ketoacids with long-chain (mainly C16) acyl-CoAs into β-diketones. The two enzymes are localized to the plastids and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), respectively, implying substrate transfer between these two sub-cellular compartments. Overall, our findings define a two-step pathway involving an unprecedented PKS reaction leading directly to the β-diketone products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d23e7c710c9405fbf69ccae2e041720 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d23e7c710c9405fbf69ccae2e0417202023-11-12T12:24:00ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232023-11-0114111610.1038/s41467-023-42917-9Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl unitsYulin Sun0Alberto Ruiz Orduna1Zhonghang Zhang2Sarah J. Feakins3Reinhard Jetter4Department of Botany, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Botany, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaDepartment of Botany, University of British ColumbiaAbstract The surface coatings of cereal plants are dominated by waxy β-diketones crucial for drought resistance and, therefore, grain yield. Here, barley (Hordeum vulgare) wax analyses reveal β-diketone and associated 2-alkanol ester profiles suggesting a common C16 3-ketoacid precursor. Isotope analysis further shows that the major (C31) diketone is synthesized from two plastidial C16 acyl units. Previous studies identified a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for β-diketone formation in barley, but left their biochemical functions unknown. Various assays now characterize one of these enzymes as a thioesterase producing long-chain (mainly C16) 3-ketoacids, and another one as a polyketide synthase (PKS) condensing the 3-ketoacids with long-chain (mainly C16) acyl-CoAs into β-diketones. The two enzymes are localized to the plastids and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), respectively, implying substrate transfer between these two sub-cellular compartments. Overall, our findings define a two-step pathway involving an unprecedented PKS reaction leading directly to the β-diketone products.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9 |
| spellingShingle | Yulin Sun Alberto Ruiz Orduna Zhonghang Zhang Sarah J. Feakins Reinhard Jetter Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units Nature Communications |
| title | Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units |
| title_full | Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units |
| title_fullStr | Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units |
| title_short | Biosynthesis of barley wax β-diketones: a type-III polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units |
| title_sort | biosynthesis of barley wax β diketones a type iii polyketide synthase condensing two fatty acyl units |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42917-9 |
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