Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of lymphocytes classified into natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and ILCregs, broadly following the cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles of classical T cell subsets. Nonetheless, the ILC lineage does not have rearran...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2021 |
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| author | Thao Tam To Nicole Chizara Oparaugo Alexander R. Kheshvadjian Amanda M. Nelson George W. Agak |
| author_facet | Thao Tam To Nicole Chizara Oparaugo Alexander R. Kheshvadjian Amanda M. Nelson George W. Agak |
| author_sort | Thao Tam To |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of lymphocytes classified into natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and ILCregs, broadly following the cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles of classical T cell subsets. Nonetheless, the ILC lineage does not have rearranged antigen-specific receptors and possesses distinct characteristics. ILCs are found in barrier tissues such as the skin, lungs, and intestines, where they play a role between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. Within the skin, ILCs are activated by the microbiota and, in turn, may influence the microbiome composition and modulate immune function through cytokine secretion or direct cellular interactions. In particular, ILC3s provide epithelial protection against extracellular bacteria. However, the mechanism by which these cells modulate skin health and homeostasis in response to microbiome changes is unclear. To better understand how ILC3s function against microbiota perturbations in the skin, we propose a role for these cells in response to <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>, a predominant commensal bacterium linked to the inflammatory skin condition, acne vulgaris. In this article, we review current evidence describing the role of ILC3s in the skin and suggest functional roles by drawing parallels with ILC3s from other organs. We emphasize the limited understanding and knowledge gaps of ILC3s in the skin and discuss the potential impact of ILC3-microbiota crosstalk in select skin diseases. Exploring the dialogue between the microbiota and ILC3s may lead to novel strategies to ameliorate skin immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:29:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d36c0220904406b88110718979fbef1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:29:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d36c0220904406b88110718979fbef12024-02-23T15:19:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01254202110.3390/ijms25042021Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin ConnectionThao Tam To0Nicole Chizara Oparaugo1Alexander R. Kheshvadjian2Amanda M. Nelson3George W. Agak4Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Dermatology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USADivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of lymphocytes classified into natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and ILCregs, broadly following the cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles of classical T cell subsets. Nonetheless, the ILC lineage does not have rearranged antigen-specific receptors and possesses distinct characteristics. ILCs are found in barrier tissues such as the skin, lungs, and intestines, where they play a role between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. Within the skin, ILCs are activated by the microbiota and, in turn, may influence the microbiome composition and modulate immune function through cytokine secretion or direct cellular interactions. In particular, ILC3s provide epithelial protection against extracellular bacteria. However, the mechanism by which these cells modulate skin health and homeostasis in response to microbiome changes is unclear. To better understand how ILC3s function against microbiota perturbations in the skin, we propose a role for these cells in response to <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>, a predominant commensal bacterium linked to the inflammatory skin condition, acne vulgaris. In this article, we review current evidence describing the role of ILC3s in the skin and suggest functional roles by drawing parallels with ILC3s from other organs. We emphasize the limited understanding and knowledge gaps of ILC3s in the skin and discuss the potential impact of ILC3-microbiota crosstalk in select skin diseases. Exploring the dialogue between the microbiota and ILC3s may lead to novel strategies to ameliorate skin immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2021ILCsinnate lymphoid cellsILC3sskin microbiotamicrobiomeskin microbiome |
| spellingShingle | Thao Tam To Nicole Chizara Oparaugo Alexander R. Kheshvadjian Amanda M. Nelson George W. Agak Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection International Journal of Molecular Sciences ILCs innate lymphoid cells ILC3s skin microbiota microbiome skin microbiome |
| title | Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection |
| title_full | Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection |
| title_short | Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection |
| title_sort | understanding type 3 innate lymphoid cells and crosstalk with the microbiota a skin connection |
| topic | ILCs innate lymphoid cells ILC3s skin microbiota microbiome skin microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2021 |
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