A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power
This paper proposes a 2.4-GHz fully-integrated single-frequency multi-channel RF energy harvesting (RFEH) system with increased harvested power density. The RFEH can produce an output power of ~423-μW in harvesting ambient RF energy. The front-end consists of an on-chip impedance matching network wi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4415 |
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| author | Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill Harikrishnan Ramiah Gabriel Chong Yong Chen Pui-In Mak Rui P. Martins |
| author_facet | Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill Harikrishnan Ramiah Gabriel Chong Yong Chen Pui-In Mak Rui P. Martins |
| author_sort | Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a 2.4-GHz fully-integrated single-frequency multi-channel RF energy harvesting (RFEH) system with increased harvested power density. The RFEH can produce an output power of ~423-μW in harvesting ambient RF energy. The front-end consists of an on-chip impedance matching network with a stacked rectifier concurrently matched to a 50 Ω input source. The circuit mitigates the “dead-zone” by enhancing the pumping efficiency, achieved through the increase of V<sub>gs</sub> drivability of the proposed internal gate boosting 6-stage low-input voltage charge pump and the 5-stage shared-auxiliary-biasing ring-voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) integrated to improve the start-up. The RFEH system, simulated in 180-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS), occupies an active area of 1.02 mm<sup>2</sup>. Post-layout simulations show a peak power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.15%, driving a 3.3-kΩ load at an input power of 0 dBm and sensitivity of −14.1 dBm corresponding to an output voltage, V<sub>out,RFEH</sub> of 1.25 V. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d3771b7811c421f9c7c5858f43628c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d3771b7811c421f9c7c5858f43628c82023-11-23T18:53:05ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-06-012212441510.3390/s22124415A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output PowerKishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill0Harikrishnan Ramiah1Gabriel Chong2Yong Chen3Pui-In Mak4Rui P. Martins5Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaCentre of Research Industry 4.0 (CRI 4.0), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaNexperia R&D Penang, Bayan Lepas 11900, MalaysiaState-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/IME, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, ChinaState-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/IME, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, ChinaState-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/IME, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, ChinaThis paper proposes a 2.4-GHz fully-integrated single-frequency multi-channel RF energy harvesting (RFEH) system with increased harvested power density. The RFEH can produce an output power of ~423-μW in harvesting ambient RF energy. The front-end consists of an on-chip impedance matching network with a stacked rectifier concurrently matched to a 50 Ω input source. The circuit mitigates the “dead-zone” by enhancing the pumping efficiency, achieved through the increase of V<sub>gs</sub> drivability of the proposed internal gate boosting 6-stage low-input voltage charge pump and the 5-stage shared-auxiliary-biasing ring-voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) integrated to improve the start-up. The RFEH system, simulated in 180-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS), occupies an active area of 1.02 mm<sup>2</sup>. Post-layout simulations show a peak power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.15%, driving a 3.3-kΩ load at an input power of 0 dBm and sensitivity of −14.1 dBm corresponding to an output voltage, V<sub>out,RFEH</sub> of 1.25 V.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4415RF energy harvesting (RFEH)CMOSRF-DCDC-DCcharge pumpclock generator |
| spellingShingle | Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill Harikrishnan Ramiah Gabriel Chong Yong Chen Pui-In Mak Rui P. Martins A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power Sensors RF energy harvesting (RFEH) CMOS RF-DC DC-DC charge pump clock generator |
| title | A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power |
| title_full | A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power |
| title_fullStr | A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power |
| title_short | A Fully-Integrated Ambient RF Energy Harvesting System with 423-μW Output Power |
| title_sort | fully integrated ambient rf energy harvesting system with 423 μw output power |
| topic | RF energy harvesting (RFEH) CMOS RF-DC DC-DC charge pump clock generator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4415 |
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