A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples
As a universal quorum sensing (QS) signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is utilized by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to coordinate several group behaviors, such as biofilm formation, virulence, and motility, when the bacterial cell density exceeds the thresholds. The determination of the AI-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9116 |
| _version_ | 1797516779200708608 |
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| author | Kibaek Lee Chung-Hak Lee Kwang-Ho Choo |
| author_facet | Kibaek Lee Chung-Hak Lee Kwang-Ho Choo |
| author_sort | Kibaek Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a universal quorum sensing (QS) signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is utilized by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to coordinate several group behaviors, such as biofilm formation, virulence, and motility, when the bacterial cell density exceeds the thresholds. The determination of the AI-2 level is essential to understand the physiological and biochemical processes involved in bacterial communication. However, the current methods for AI-2 determination are complicated, time-consuming, and require costly equipment, such as a mass spectrometer (MS) or fluorescence detector (FLD). In this study, we present a new and easily applicable method for AI-2 determination. This method, based on the primary derivatization of AI-2 with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), uses an affordable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument with a UV detector. Under optimized conditions, our method showed a good linearity (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) and demonstrated the effective detection of AI-2 levels in various environmental samples, as follows: 0.38 (±0.05) μM for <i>E. coli</i> K12, 0.48 (±0.05) μM for <i>Aeromonas</i> sp. YB-2, 0.32 (±0.06) μM for the <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. YB-3, and 0.28 (±0.16) μM for activated sludge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:05:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d38f5cddb8c45b1ab8db4a423cfc648 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:05:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d38f5cddb8c45b1ab8db4a423cfc6482023-11-22T15:48:05ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-09-011119911610.3390/app11199116A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental SamplesKibaek Lee0Chung-Hak Lee1Kwang-Ho Choo2Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, KoreaSchool of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaAs a universal quorum sensing (QS) signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is utilized by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to coordinate several group behaviors, such as biofilm formation, virulence, and motility, when the bacterial cell density exceeds the thresholds. The determination of the AI-2 level is essential to understand the physiological and biochemical processes involved in bacterial communication. However, the current methods for AI-2 determination are complicated, time-consuming, and require costly equipment, such as a mass spectrometer (MS) or fluorescence detector (FLD). In this study, we present a new and easily applicable method for AI-2 determination. This method, based on the primary derivatization of AI-2 with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), uses an affordable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument with a UV detector. Under optimized conditions, our method showed a good linearity (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) and demonstrated the effective detection of AI-2 levels in various environmental samples, as follows: 0.38 (±0.05) μM for <i>E. coli</i> K12, 0.48 (±0.05) μM for <i>Aeromonas</i> sp. YB-2, 0.32 (±0.06) μM for the <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. YB-3, and 0.28 (±0.16) μM for activated sludge.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9116autoinducer-2(<i>S</i>)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentandioneHPLC-UVquorum sensingactivated sludge |
| spellingShingle | Kibaek Lee Chung-Hak Lee Kwang-Ho Choo A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples Applied Sciences autoinducer-2 (<i>S</i>)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentandione HPLC-UV quorum sensing activated sludge |
| title | A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples |
| title_full | A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples |
| title_fullStr | A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples |
| title_short | A Facile HPLC-UV-Based Method for Determining the Concentration of the Bacterial Universal Signal Autoinducer-2 in Environmental Samples |
| title_sort | facile hplc uv based method for determining the concentration of the bacterial universal signal autoinducer 2 in environmental samples |
| topic | autoinducer-2 (<i>S</i>)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentandione HPLC-UV quorum sensing activated sludge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/19/9116 |
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