The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe condition characterized by chamber dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle. It constitutes a fundamental etiology for profound heart failure and abrupt cardiac demise, rendering it a prominent clinical indication for heart transplanta...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/7/1246 |
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| author | Enping Wang Ruofan Zhou Tiange Li Yimin Hua Kaiyu Zhou Yifei Li Shuhua Luo Qi An |
| author_facet | Enping Wang Ruofan Zhou Tiange Li Yimin Hua Kaiyu Zhou Yifei Li Shuhua Luo Qi An |
| author_sort | Enping Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe condition characterized by chamber dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle. It constitutes a fundamental etiology for profound heart failure and abrupt cardiac demise, rendering it a prominent clinical indication for heart transplantation (HTx) among both adult and pediatric populations. DCM arises from various etiologies, including genetic variants, epigenetic disorders, infectious insults, autoimmune diseases, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. The maintenance of cardiac function involves two distinct types of immune cells: resident immune cells and recruited immune cells. Resident immune cells play a crucial role in establishing a harmonious microenvironment within the cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, in response to injury, cardiomyocytes initiate a cytokine cascade that attracts peripheral immune cells, thus perturbing this intricate equilibrium and actively participating in the initiation and pathological remodeling of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), particularly during the progression of myocardial fibrosis. Additionally, immune cells assume a pivotal role in orchestrating the inflammatory processes, which are intimately linked to the prognosis of DCM. Consequently, understanding the molecular role of various immune cells and their regulation mechanisms would provide an emerging era for managing DCM. In this review, we provide a summary of the most recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune cells in DCM. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of DCM, with the aim of optimizing future immunotherapeutic strategies for this condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d4f3cac3a964c679663029b7f688bf8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:50:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d4f3cac3a964c679663029b7f688bf82023-11-18T20:23:56ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-07-01597124610.3390/medicina59071246The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated CardiomyopathyEnping Wang0Ruofan Zhou1Tiange Li2Yimin Hua3Kaiyu Zhou4Yifei Li5Shuhua Luo6Qi An7Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe condition characterized by chamber dilation and impaired contraction of the left ventricle. It constitutes a fundamental etiology for profound heart failure and abrupt cardiac demise, rendering it a prominent clinical indication for heart transplantation (HTx) among both adult and pediatric populations. DCM arises from various etiologies, including genetic variants, epigenetic disorders, infectious insults, autoimmune diseases, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. The maintenance of cardiac function involves two distinct types of immune cells: resident immune cells and recruited immune cells. Resident immune cells play a crucial role in establishing a harmonious microenvironment within the cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, in response to injury, cardiomyocytes initiate a cytokine cascade that attracts peripheral immune cells, thus perturbing this intricate equilibrium and actively participating in the initiation and pathological remodeling of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), particularly during the progression of myocardial fibrosis. Additionally, immune cells assume a pivotal role in orchestrating the inflammatory processes, which are intimately linked to the prognosis of DCM. Consequently, understanding the molecular role of various immune cells and their regulation mechanisms would provide an emerging era for managing DCM. In this review, we provide a summary of the most recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune cells in DCM. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of DCM, with the aim of optimizing future immunotherapeutic strategies for this condition.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/7/1246dilated cardiomyopathyimmune cellscytokinesimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Enping Wang Ruofan Zhou Tiange Li Yimin Hua Kaiyu Zhou Yifei Li Shuhua Luo Qi An The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Medicina dilated cardiomyopathy immune cells cytokines immunotherapy |
| title | The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
| title_full | The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
| title_fullStr | The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
| title_short | The Molecular Role of Immune Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
| title_sort | molecular role of immune cells in dilated cardiomyopathy |
| topic | dilated cardiomyopathy immune cells cytokines immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/7/1246 |
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