Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber
This study delved into the combustion properties of combined glulam bonded using polyurethane (PUR) and resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde (RPF) adhesives. The experiment involved three distinct wood species, namely, spruce, alder, and beech, which were combined in homogeneous, non-homogeneous symmetric...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Fire |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/1/30 |
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| author | Tomáš Kytka Miroslav Gašparík David Novák Lukáš Sahula Elham Karami Sumanta Das |
| author_facet | Tomáš Kytka Miroslav Gašparík David Novák Lukáš Sahula Elham Karami Sumanta Das |
| author_sort | Tomáš Kytka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study delved into the combustion properties of combined glulam bonded using polyurethane (PUR) and resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde (RPF) adhesives. The experiment involved three distinct wood species, namely, spruce, alder, and beech, which were combined in homogeneous, non-homogeneous symmetrical, and non-homogeneous asymmetrical arrangements. These species were selected to represent a spectrum, namely, softwood (spruce), low-density hardwood (alder), and high-density hardwood (beech). The varying combinations of wood species illustrate potential compositions within structural elements, aiming to optimize mechanical bending resistance. Various parameters were measured during combustion, namely, the heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (pHRR), mass loss rate (MLR), average rate of heat emission (ARHE), peak average rate of heat emission (MARHE), time to ignition (TTI), and effective heat of combustion (EHC). The findings indicate that incorporating beech wood into the composite glulam resulted in an increase in heat release, significantly altering the burning characteristics, which was particularly evident at the second peak. Conversely, the use of spruce wood exhibited the lowest heat release rate. Alder wood, when subjected to heat flux at the glued joint, displayed the highest heat emission, aligning with the results for EHC and MARHE. This observation suggests that wood species prone to early thermal decomposition emit more heat within a shorter duration. The time to ignition (TTI) was consistent, occurring between the first and second minute across all tested wood species and combinations. Notably, when subjected to heat flux, the glulam samples bonded with PUR adhesive experienced complete delamination of the initial two glued joints, whereas those bonded with RPF adhesive exhibited only partial delamination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:57:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d4fbeef3e754a89909a0633d1da0a54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:57:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fire |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d4fbeef3e754a89909a0633d1da0a542024-01-26T16:24:17ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552024-01-01713010.3390/fire7010030Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated TimberTomáš Kytka0Miroslav Gašparík1David Novák2Lukáš Sahula3Elham Karami4Sumanta Das5Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicThis study delved into the combustion properties of combined glulam bonded using polyurethane (PUR) and resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde (RPF) adhesives. The experiment involved three distinct wood species, namely, spruce, alder, and beech, which were combined in homogeneous, non-homogeneous symmetrical, and non-homogeneous asymmetrical arrangements. These species were selected to represent a spectrum, namely, softwood (spruce), low-density hardwood (alder), and high-density hardwood (beech). The varying combinations of wood species illustrate potential compositions within structural elements, aiming to optimize mechanical bending resistance. Various parameters were measured during combustion, namely, the heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (pHRR), mass loss rate (MLR), average rate of heat emission (ARHE), peak average rate of heat emission (MARHE), time to ignition (TTI), and effective heat of combustion (EHC). The findings indicate that incorporating beech wood into the composite glulam resulted in an increase in heat release, significantly altering the burning characteristics, which was particularly evident at the second peak. Conversely, the use of spruce wood exhibited the lowest heat release rate. Alder wood, when subjected to heat flux at the glued joint, displayed the highest heat emission, aligning with the results for EHC and MARHE. This observation suggests that wood species prone to early thermal decomposition emit more heat within a shorter duration. The time to ignition (TTI) was consistent, occurring between the first and second minute across all tested wood species and combinations. Notably, when subjected to heat flux, the glulam samples bonded with PUR adhesive experienced complete delamination of the initial two glued joints, whereas those bonded with RPF adhesive exhibited only partial delamination.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/1/30combined glulamburningheat release rateignitionsprucealder |
| spellingShingle | Tomáš Kytka Miroslav Gašparík David Novák Lukáš Sahula Elham Karami Sumanta Das Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber Fire combined glulam burning heat release rate ignition spruce alder |
| title | Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber |
| title_full | Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber |
| title_fullStr | Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber |
| title_short | Burning Properties of Combined Glued Laminated Timber |
| title_sort | burning properties of combined glued laminated timber |
| topic | combined glulam burning heat release rate ignition spruce alder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/1/30 |
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