Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition
Digital watermarking has been utilized effectively for copyright protection of multimedia contents. This paper suggests a blind symmetric watermarking algorithm using fan beam transform (FBT) and QR decomposition (QRD) for color images. At first, the original image is transferred from RGB to L<su...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/486 |
| _version_ | 1811298542101200896 |
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| author | Pranab Kumar Dhar Pulak Hazra Tetsuya Shimamura |
| author_facet | Pranab Kumar Dhar Pulak Hazra Tetsuya Shimamura |
| author_sort | Pranab Kumar Dhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Digital watermarking has been utilized effectively for copyright protection of multimedia contents. This paper suggests a blind symmetric watermarking algorithm using fan beam transform (FBT) and QR decomposition (QRD) for color images. At first, the original image is transferred from RGB to L<sup>*</sup>a<sup>*</sup>b<sup>*</sup> color model and FBT is applied to b<sup>*</sup> component. Then the b<sup>*</sup>component of the original image is split into <i>m</i> × <i>m</i> non-overlapping blocks and QRD is conducted to each block. Watermark data is placed into the selected coefficient of the upper triangular matrix using a new embedding function. Simulation results suggest that the presented algorithm is extremely robust against numerous attacks, and also yields watermarked images with high quality. Furthermore, it represents more excellent performance compared with the recent state-of-the-art algorithms for robustness and imperceptibility. The normalized correlation (NC) of the proposed algorithm varies from 0.8252 to 1, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) varies from 54.1854 to 54.1892, and structural similarity (SSIM) varies from 0.9285 to 0.9696, respectively. In contrast, the NC of the recent state-of-the-art algorithms varies from 0.5193 to 1, PSNR varies from 38.5471 to 52.64, and SSIM varies from 0.9311 to 0.9663, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:20:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d504e0ae1694b7ebc48c063aaf46761 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d504e0ae1694b7ebc48c063aaf467612022-12-22T02:58:39ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942020-03-0112348610.3390/sym12030486sym12030486Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR DecompositionPranab Kumar Dhar0Pulak Hazra1Tetsuya Shimamura2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram 4349, BangladeshDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram 4349, BangladeshGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanDigital watermarking has been utilized effectively for copyright protection of multimedia contents. This paper suggests a blind symmetric watermarking algorithm using fan beam transform (FBT) and QR decomposition (QRD) for color images. At first, the original image is transferred from RGB to L<sup>*</sup>a<sup>*</sup>b<sup>*</sup> color model and FBT is applied to b<sup>*</sup> component. Then the b<sup>*</sup>component of the original image is split into <i>m</i> × <i>m</i> non-overlapping blocks and QRD is conducted to each block. Watermark data is placed into the selected coefficient of the upper triangular matrix using a new embedding function. Simulation results suggest that the presented algorithm is extremely robust against numerous attacks, and also yields watermarked images with high quality. Furthermore, it represents more excellent performance compared with the recent state-of-the-art algorithms for robustness and imperceptibility. The normalized correlation (NC) of the proposed algorithm varies from 0.8252 to 1, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) varies from 54.1854 to 54.1892, and structural similarity (SSIM) varies from 0.9285 to 0.9696, respectively. In contrast, the NC of the recent state-of-the-art algorithms varies from 0.5193 to 1, PSNR varies from 38.5471 to 52.64, and SSIM varies from 0.9311 to 0.9663, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/486copyright protectionimage watermarkingfan beam transformqr decompositionquantization |
| spellingShingle | Pranab Kumar Dhar Pulak Hazra Tetsuya Shimamura Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition Symmetry copyright protection image watermarking fan beam transform qr decomposition quantization |
| title | Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition |
| title_full | Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition |
| title_fullStr | Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition |
| title_short | Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition |
| title_sort | blind color image watermarking using fan beam transform and qr decomposition |
| topic | copyright protection image watermarking fan beam transform qr decomposition quantization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/486 |
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