Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART
<p>Marine biogenic particle contributions to atmospheric aerosol concentrations are not well understood though they are important for determining cloud optical and cloud-nucleating properties. Here we examine the relationship between marine aerosol measurements (with satellites and model field...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/831/2021/acp-21-831-2021.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818662424292622336 |
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| author | K. J. Sanchez K. J. Sanchez B. Zhang H. Liu G. Saliba C.-L. Chen S. L. Lewis L. M. Russell M. A. Shook E. C. Crosbie E. C. Crosbie L. D. Ziemba M. D. Brown M. D. Brown T. J. Shingler C. E. Robinson C. E. Robinson E. B. Wiggins E. B. Wiggins K. L. Thornhill K. L. Thornhill E. L. Winstead E. L. Winstead C. Jordan C. Jordan P. K. Quinn T. S. Bates T. S. Bates J. Porter T. G. Bell T. G. Bell E. S. Saltzman M. J. Behrenfeld R. H. Moore |
| author_facet | K. J. Sanchez K. J. Sanchez B. Zhang H. Liu G. Saliba C.-L. Chen S. L. Lewis L. M. Russell M. A. Shook E. C. Crosbie E. C. Crosbie L. D. Ziemba M. D. Brown M. D. Brown T. J. Shingler C. E. Robinson C. E. Robinson E. B. Wiggins E. B. Wiggins K. L. Thornhill K. L. Thornhill E. L. Winstead E. L. Winstead C. Jordan C. Jordan P. K. Quinn T. S. Bates T. S. Bates J. Porter T. G. Bell T. G. Bell E. S. Saltzman M. J. Behrenfeld R. H. Moore |
| author_sort | K. J. Sanchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Marine biogenic particle contributions to atmospheric
aerosol concentrations are not well understood though they are important for
determining cloud optical and cloud-nucleating properties. Here we examine
the relationship between marine aerosol measurements (with satellites and
model fields of ocean biology) and meteorological variables during the North
Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). NAAMES consisted of
four field campaigns between November 2015 and April 2018 that aligned with
the four major phases of the annual phytoplankton bloom cycle. The FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART)
Lagrangian particle dispersion model is used to spatiotemporally connect these variables
to ship-based aerosol and dimethyl sulfide (DMS)
observations. We find that correlations between some aerosol measurements
with satellite-measured and modeled variables increase with increasing
trajectory length, indicating that biological and meteorological processes over
the air mass history are influential for measured particle properties and
that using only spatially coincident data would miss correlative connections
that are lagged in time. In particular, the marine non-refractory organic
aerosol mass correlates with modeled marine net primary production when
weighted by 5 d air mass trajectory residence time (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.62</span>). This
result indicates that non-refractory organic aerosol mass is influenced by
biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions that are typically
produced through bacterial degradation of dissolved organic matter,
zooplankton grazing on marine phytoplankton, and as a by-product of
photosynthesis by phytoplankton stocks during advection into the region.
This is further supported by the correlation of non-refractory organic mass
with 2 d residence-time-weighted chlorophyll <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i></span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.39</span>), a proxy for
phytoplankton abundance, and 5 d residence-time-weighted downward
shortwave forcing (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.58</span>), a requirement for photosynthesis. In
contrast, DMS (formed through biological processes in the seawater) and
primary marine aerosol (PMA) concentrations showed better correlations with
explanatory biological and meteorological variables weighted with shorter
air mass residence times, which reflects their localized origin as primary
emissions. Aerosol<span id="page832"/> submicron number and mass negatively correlate with sea
surface wind speed. The negative correlation is attributed to enhanced PMA
concentrations under higher wind speed conditions. We hypothesized that the
elevated total particle surface area associated with high PMA concentrations
leads to enhanced rates of condensation of VOC oxidation products onto PMA.
Given the high deposition velocity of PMA relative to submicron aerosol,
PMA can limit the accumulation of secondary aerosol mass. This study
provides observational evidence for connections between marine aerosols and
underlying ocean biology through complex secondary formation processes,
emphasizing the need to consider air mass history in future analyses.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:00:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d594d903b0841b79613c5f755bafe13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:00:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d594d903b0841b79613c5f755bafe132022-12-21T22:02:33ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-01-012183185110.5194/acp-21-831-2021Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPARTK. J. Sanchez0K. J. Sanchez1B. Zhang2H. Liu3G. Saliba4C.-L. Chen5S. L. Lewis6L. M. Russell7M. A. Shook8E. C. Crosbie9E. C. Crosbie10L. D. Ziemba11M. D. Brown12M. D. Brown13T. J. Shingler14C. E. Robinson15C. E. Robinson16E. B. Wiggins17E. B. Wiggins18K. L. Thornhill19K. L. Thornhill20E. L. Winstead21E. L. Winstead22C. Jordan23C. Jordan24P. K. Quinn25T. S. Bates26T. S. Bates27J. Porter28T. G. Bell29T. G. Bell30E. S. Saltzman31M. J. Behrenfeld32R. H. Moore33NASA Postdoctoral Program, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USANational Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USANational Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USANASA Postdoctoral Program, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USANational Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USAPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USAPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USAJoint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAThe Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USAPlymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, United KingdomThe Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USAThe Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USADepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA<p>Marine biogenic particle contributions to atmospheric aerosol concentrations are not well understood though they are important for determining cloud optical and cloud-nucleating properties. Here we examine the relationship between marine aerosol measurements (with satellites and model fields of ocean biology) and meteorological variables during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). NAAMES consisted of four field campaigns between November 2015 and April 2018 that aligned with the four major phases of the annual phytoplankton bloom cycle. The FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) Lagrangian particle dispersion model is used to spatiotemporally connect these variables to ship-based aerosol and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) observations. We find that correlations between some aerosol measurements with satellite-measured and modeled variables increase with increasing trajectory length, indicating that biological and meteorological processes over the air mass history are influential for measured particle properties and that using only spatially coincident data would miss correlative connections that are lagged in time. In particular, the marine non-refractory organic aerosol mass correlates with modeled marine net primary production when weighted by 5 d air mass trajectory residence time (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.62</span>). This result indicates that non-refractory organic aerosol mass is influenced by biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions that are typically produced through bacterial degradation of dissolved organic matter, zooplankton grazing on marine phytoplankton, and as a by-product of photosynthesis by phytoplankton stocks during advection into the region. This is further supported by the correlation of non-refractory organic mass with 2 d residence-time-weighted chlorophyll <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i></span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.39</span>), a proxy for phytoplankton abundance, and 5 d residence-time-weighted downward shortwave forcing (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i>=0.58</span>), a requirement for photosynthesis. In contrast, DMS (formed through biological processes in the seawater) and primary marine aerosol (PMA) concentrations showed better correlations with explanatory biological and meteorological variables weighted with shorter air mass residence times, which reflects their localized origin as primary emissions. Aerosol<span id="page832"/> submicron number and mass negatively correlate with sea surface wind speed. The negative correlation is attributed to enhanced PMA concentrations under higher wind speed conditions. We hypothesized that the elevated total particle surface area associated with high PMA concentrations leads to enhanced rates of condensation of VOC oxidation products onto PMA. Given the high deposition velocity of PMA relative to submicron aerosol, PMA can limit the accumulation of secondary aerosol mass. This study provides observational evidence for connections between marine aerosols and underlying ocean biology through complex secondary formation processes, emphasizing the need to consider air mass history in future analyses.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/831/2021/acp-21-831-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | K. J. Sanchez K. J. Sanchez B. Zhang H. Liu G. Saliba C.-L. Chen S. L. Lewis L. M. Russell M. A. Shook E. C. Crosbie E. C. Crosbie L. D. Ziemba M. D. Brown M. D. Brown T. J. Shingler C. E. Robinson C. E. Robinson E. B. Wiggins E. B. Wiggins K. L. Thornhill K. L. Thornhill E. L. Winstead E. L. Winstead C. Jordan C. Jordan P. K. Quinn T. S. Bates T. S. Bates J. Porter T. G. Bell T. G. Bell E. S. Saltzman M. J. Behrenfeld R. H. Moore Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART |
| title_full | Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART |
| title_fullStr | Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART |
| title_full_unstemmed | Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART |
| title_short | Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART |
| title_sort | linking marine phytoplankton emissions meteorological processes and downwind particle properties with flexpart |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/831/2021/acp-21-831-2021.pdf |
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