Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog
Abstract Background Good reproductive performance is fundamental for the development of a breed. Previous studies have indicated that the Bernese mountain dog has a relatively high prevalence of reproductive problems such as a high prevalence of dystocia and a low mean litter size. When reproduction...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-022-00646-x |
| _version_ | 1828217884995747840 |
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| author | Eva Axnér Linda Sofia Rasmus Toril Melangen |
| author_facet | Eva Axnér Linda Sofia Rasmus Toril Melangen |
| author_sort | Eva Axnér |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Good reproductive performance is fundamental for the development of a breed. Previous studies have indicated that the Bernese mountain dog has a relatively high prevalence of reproductive problems such as a high prevalence of dystocia and a low mean litter size. When reproduction is impaired, selection for other traits, including improved health, will become more difficult. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate reproductive data and factors affecting these in the Bernese mountain dog. Data collected by the Swedish Sennenhund Club during the years 2010–2020 were evaluated by statistical analyses. Results Information from 1287 reported matings were included with a total of 614 bitches and 399 sires. For five reported matings that did not result in a litter, there was no information about the male identity. The reported matings resulted in 798 litters (62% whelping rate) from 502 bitches and 314 males. Paternal and maternal age had a significant effect on whelping rate with a negative effect of increasing age (P < 0.01). Median litter size at birth (LSB) was 6.00 (range 0–14) and was significantly affected by both paternal (P = 0.021) and maternal age (P < 0.001). Parity affected litter size at birth with a lower litter size in 4 year old bitches giving birth to their first litter compared to bitches giving birth to their second to fourth litters. Stillbirth occurred in 51.6% of the litters with a total of 15.4% puppies being stillborn. Total puppy mortality, including stillbirth, was 19.1%. The only factor affecting stillbirth was LSB while both LSB and season affected the risk of having post-natal puppy loss in the litter. The total prevalence of caesarean sections (CS) was 33.0%. The risk of CS decreased significantly with increasing parity and increased with increasing age. The risk of CS was significantly higher for litters with 1–2 puppies compared with litters with 3–9 puppies. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) calculated on 5 generations had no effect on any of the outcomes. Conclusions Parity and maternal age had opposite effects on reproductive outcomes with a positive effect of parity on increasing litter size and decreasing CS rate. The proportion of unsuccessful matings was high with a negative effect of increasing age of both males and females. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:55:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d61e833c2884ea3b397ec111f6ceb03 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-0147 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:55:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d61e833c2884ea3b397ec111f6ceb032022-12-22T03:26:24ZengBMCActa Veterinaria Scandinavica1751-01472022-10-016411910.1186/s13028-022-00646-xFactors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dogEva Axnér0Linda Sofia Rasmus1Toril MelangenDivision of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDivision of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background Good reproductive performance is fundamental for the development of a breed. Previous studies have indicated that the Bernese mountain dog has a relatively high prevalence of reproductive problems such as a high prevalence of dystocia and a low mean litter size. When reproduction is impaired, selection for other traits, including improved health, will become more difficult. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate reproductive data and factors affecting these in the Bernese mountain dog. Data collected by the Swedish Sennenhund Club during the years 2010–2020 were evaluated by statistical analyses. Results Information from 1287 reported matings were included with a total of 614 bitches and 399 sires. For five reported matings that did not result in a litter, there was no information about the male identity. The reported matings resulted in 798 litters (62% whelping rate) from 502 bitches and 314 males. Paternal and maternal age had a significant effect on whelping rate with a negative effect of increasing age (P < 0.01). Median litter size at birth (LSB) was 6.00 (range 0–14) and was significantly affected by both paternal (P = 0.021) and maternal age (P < 0.001). Parity affected litter size at birth with a lower litter size in 4 year old bitches giving birth to their first litter compared to bitches giving birth to their second to fourth litters. Stillbirth occurred in 51.6% of the litters with a total of 15.4% puppies being stillborn. Total puppy mortality, including stillbirth, was 19.1%. The only factor affecting stillbirth was LSB while both LSB and season affected the risk of having post-natal puppy loss in the litter. The total prevalence of caesarean sections (CS) was 33.0%. The risk of CS decreased significantly with increasing parity and increased with increasing age. The risk of CS was significantly higher for litters with 1–2 puppies compared with litters with 3–9 puppies. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) calculated on 5 generations had no effect on any of the outcomes. Conclusions Parity and maternal age had opposite effects on reproductive outcomes with a positive effect of parity on increasing litter size and decreasing CS rate. The proportion of unsuccessful matings was high with a negative effect of increasing age of both males and females.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-022-00646-xCaesarean sectionLitter sizeSeasonalityPuppy mortality |
| spellingShingle | Eva Axnér Linda Sofia Rasmus Toril Melangen Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Caesarean section Litter size Seasonality Puppy mortality |
| title | Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog |
| title_full | Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog |
| title_fullStr | Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog |
| title_short | Factors affecting reproductive performance in the Swedish Bernese mountain dog |
| title_sort | factors affecting reproductive performance in the swedish bernese mountain dog |
| topic | Caesarean section Litter size Seasonality Puppy mortality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-022-00646-x |
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