Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia
Ground beetles in multiple species vary greatly in the expression of the shape on sexual traits, resulting in a sexual shape dimorphism as a consequence of sexual selection differences. The present research focuses on the study of inter and intrasexual sexual shape dimorphism of two generalist gener...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/6/361 |
| _version_ | 1797565636500520960 |
|---|---|
| author | Hugo A. Benítez Raisa A. Sukhodolskaya Rodrigo Órdenes-Clavería Tamara A. Avtaeva Shapaat A. Kushalieva Anatoly A. Saveliev |
| author_facet | Hugo A. Benítez Raisa A. Sukhodolskaya Rodrigo Órdenes-Clavería Tamara A. Avtaeva Shapaat A. Kushalieva Anatoly A. Saveliev |
| author_sort | Hugo A. Benítez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ground beetles in multiple species vary greatly in the expression of the shape on sexual traits, resulting in a sexual shape dimorphism as a consequence of sexual selection differences. The present research focuses on the study of inter and intrasexual sexual shape dimorphism of two generalist genera of ground beetles <i>Pterostichus</i> and <i>Carabus</i>. Geometric morphometric methods were applied to five generalist species of ground beetles <i>Carabus exaratus</i>, <i>C. granulatus</i>, <i>Pterostichus melanarius</i>, <i>P. niger</i>, and <i>P. oblongopunctatus</i> and several multivariate analyses were applied for two different traits, abdomen and elytra. Three of the five species analyzed showed high levels of sex-based shape dimorphism. However, the most generalist species, <i>P. melanarius</i> and <i>P. oblongopunctatus</i>, did not evidence shape-based sexual dimorphism differentiation in both of the analyzed traits, as statistically confirmed based on the permutation of pairwise comparison of the Mahalanobis distances of a sex–species classifier. It is generally known that environmental stress in natural populations can affect the fitness expression, principally related to sexual fecundity, being that this pattern is more evident in non-generalist species. In our results, the contrary pattern was found, with the absence of sexual shape dimorphism for two of the three generalist species analyzed. On the other hand, the interspecies shape variation was clearly identified using principal component analysis of both of the analyzed traits. Finally, this research is the first to analyze the relationship between sexual shape dimorphism in Russian ground beetles, evidencing the lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying the sexual dimorphism, especially in species living in extreme environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:15:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d69c44f64b9443ba3be095f6d5fed63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:15:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d69c44f64b9443ba3be095f6d5fed632023-11-20T03:24:58ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-06-0111636110.3390/insects11060361Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in RussiaHugo A. Benítez0Raisa A. Sukhodolskaya1Rodrigo Órdenes-Clavería2Tamara A. Avtaeva3Shapaat A. Kushalieva4Anatoly A. Saveliev5Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, ChileInstitute of Ecology and Mineral Resource Management Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan Republic, Tatarstan, Kazan 420000, RussiaLaboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, ChileKh. Ibragimov Complex Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny 364014, RussiaDepartment of Biology and Methods of Teaching (Head), Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny 364014, RussiaDepartment of Ecosystem Modeling, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420000, RussiaGround beetles in multiple species vary greatly in the expression of the shape on sexual traits, resulting in a sexual shape dimorphism as a consequence of sexual selection differences. The present research focuses on the study of inter and intrasexual sexual shape dimorphism of two generalist genera of ground beetles <i>Pterostichus</i> and <i>Carabus</i>. Geometric morphometric methods were applied to five generalist species of ground beetles <i>Carabus exaratus</i>, <i>C. granulatus</i>, <i>Pterostichus melanarius</i>, <i>P. niger</i>, and <i>P. oblongopunctatus</i> and several multivariate analyses were applied for two different traits, abdomen and elytra. Three of the five species analyzed showed high levels of sex-based shape dimorphism. However, the most generalist species, <i>P. melanarius</i> and <i>P. oblongopunctatus</i>, did not evidence shape-based sexual dimorphism differentiation in both of the analyzed traits, as statistically confirmed based on the permutation of pairwise comparison of the Mahalanobis distances of a sex–species classifier. It is generally known that environmental stress in natural populations can affect the fitness expression, principally related to sexual fecundity, being that this pattern is more evident in non-generalist species. In our results, the contrary pattern was found, with the absence of sexual shape dimorphism for two of the three generalist species analyzed. On the other hand, the interspecies shape variation was clearly identified using principal component analysis of both of the analyzed traits. Finally, this research is the first to analyze the relationship between sexual shape dimorphism in Russian ground beetles, evidencing the lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying the sexual dimorphism, especially in species living in extreme environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/6/361geometric morphometrics<i>Pterostichus</i><i>Carabus</i>sexual size dimorphismallometry |
| spellingShingle | Hugo A. Benítez Raisa A. Sukhodolskaya Rodrigo Órdenes-Clavería Tamara A. Avtaeva Shapaat A. Kushalieva Anatoly A. Saveliev Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia Insects geometric morphometrics <i>Pterostichus</i> <i>Carabus</i> sexual size dimorphism allometry |
| title | Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia |
| title_full | Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia |
| title_fullStr | Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia |
| title_short | Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia |
| title_sort | measuring the inter and intraspecific sexual shape dimorphism and body shape variation in generalist ground beetles in russia |
| topic | geometric morphometrics <i>Pterostichus</i> <i>Carabus</i> sexual size dimorphism allometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/6/361 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hugoabenitez measuringtheinterandintraspecificsexualshapedimorphismandbodyshapevariationingeneralistgroundbeetlesinrussia AT raisaasukhodolskaya measuringtheinterandintraspecificsexualshapedimorphismandbodyshapevariationingeneralistgroundbeetlesinrussia AT rodrigoordenesclaveria measuringtheinterandintraspecificsexualshapedimorphismandbodyshapevariationingeneralistgroundbeetlesinrussia AT tamaraaavtaeva measuringtheinterandintraspecificsexualshapedimorphismandbodyshapevariationingeneralistgroundbeetlesinrussia AT shapaatakushalieva measuringtheinterandintraspecificsexualshapedimorphismandbodyshapevariationingeneralistgroundbeetlesinrussia AT anatolyasaveliev measuringtheinterandintraspecificsexualshapedimorphismandbodyshapevariationingeneralistgroundbeetlesinrussia |