Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa.
<h4>Background</h4>Plasmodium vivax has been recently discovered as a significant cause of malaria in Mauritania, although very rare elsewhere in West Africa. It has not been known if this is a recently introduced or locally remnant parasite population, nor whether the genetic structure...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020-12-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008945 |
| _version_ | 1828065193725263872 |
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| author | Hampate Ba Sarah Auburn Christopher G Jacob Sonia Goncalves Craig W Duffy Lindsay B Stewart Ric N Price Yacine Boubou Deh Mamadou Yero Diallo Abderahmane Tandia Dominic P Kwiatkowski David J Conway |
| author_facet | Hampate Ba Sarah Auburn Christopher G Jacob Sonia Goncalves Craig W Duffy Lindsay B Stewart Ric N Price Yacine Boubou Deh Mamadou Yero Diallo Abderahmane Tandia Dominic P Kwiatkowski David J Conway |
| author_sort | Hampate Ba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Plasmodium vivax has been recently discovered as a significant cause of malaria in Mauritania, although very rare elsewhere in West Africa. It has not been known if this is a recently introduced or locally remnant parasite population, nor whether the genetic structure reflects epidemic or endemic transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To investigate the P. vivax population genetic structure in Mauritania and compare with populations previously analysed elsewhere, multi-locus genotyping was undertaken on 100 clinical isolates, using a genome-wide panel of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plus seven SNPs in drug resistance genes. The Mauritanian P. vivax population is shown to be genetically diverse and divergent from populations elsewhere, indicated consistently by genetic distance matrix analysis, principal components analyses, and fixation indices. Only one isolate had a genotype clearly indicating recent importation, from a southeast Asian source. There was no linkage disequilibrium in the local parasite population, and only a small number of infections appeared to be closely genetically related, indicating that there is ongoing genetic recombination consistent with endemic transmission. The P. vivax diversity in a remote mining town was similar to that in the capital Nouakchott, with no indication of local substructure or of epidemic population structure. Drug resistance alleles were virtually absent in Mauritania, in contrast with P. vivax in other areas of the world.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The molecular epidemiology indicates that there is long-standing endemic transmission that will be very challenging to eliminate. The virtual absence of drug resistance alleles suggests that most infections have been untreated, and that this endemic infection has been more neglected in comparison to P. vivax elsewhere. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:11:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d734959406642b8995cd4fde30c5328 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T23:11:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d734959406642b8995cd4fde30c53282023-01-13T05:32:51ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352020-12-011412e000894510.1371/journal.pntd.0008945Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa.Hampate BaSarah AuburnChristopher G JacobSonia GoncalvesCraig W DuffyLindsay B StewartRic N PriceYacine Boubou DehMamadou Yero DialloAbderahmane TandiaDominic P KwiatkowskiDavid J Conway<h4>Background</h4>Plasmodium vivax has been recently discovered as a significant cause of malaria in Mauritania, although very rare elsewhere in West Africa. It has not been known if this is a recently introduced or locally remnant parasite population, nor whether the genetic structure reflects epidemic or endemic transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To investigate the P. vivax population genetic structure in Mauritania and compare with populations previously analysed elsewhere, multi-locus genotyping was undertaken on 100 clinical isolates, using a genome-wide panel of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plus seven SNPs in drug resistance genes. The Mauritanian P. vivax population is shown to be genetically diverse and divergent from populations elsewhere, indicated consistently by genetic distance matrix analysis, principal components analyses, and fixation indices. Only one isolate had a genotype clearly indicating recent importation, from a southeast Asian source. There was no linkage disequilibrium in the local parasite population, and only a small number of infections appeared to be closely genetically related, indicating that there is ongoing genetic recombination consistent with endemic transmission. The P. vivax diversity in a remote mining town was similar to that in the capital Nouakchott, with no indication of local substructure or of epidemic population structure. Drug resistance alleles were virtually absent in Mauritania, in contrast with P. vivax in other areas of the world.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The molecular epidemiology indicates that there is long-standing endemic transmission that will be very challenging to eliminate. The virtual absence of drug resistance alleles suggests that most infections have been untreated, and that this endemic infection has been more neglected in comparison to P. vivax elsewhere.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008945 |
| spellingShingle | Hampate Ba Sarah Auburn Christopher G Jacob Sonia Goncalves Craig W Duffy Lindsay B Stewart Ric N Price Yacine Boubou Deh Mamadou Yero Diallo Abderahmane Tandia Dominic P Kwiatkowski David J Conway Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa. |
| title_full | Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa. |
| title_fullStr | Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa. |
| title_short | Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa. |
| title_sort | multi locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct plasmodium vivax population in mauritania west africa |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008945 |
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