Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. We determined VOCs profile in exhaled breath of 97 HCC patients and 111 controls using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Support Ve...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08678-z |
| _version_ | 1811280233371795456 |
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| author | Thanikan Sukaram Rossarin Tansawat Terapap Apiparakoon Thodsawit Tiyarattanachai Sanparith Marukatat Rungsun Rerknimitr Roongruedee Chaiteerakij |
| author_facet | Thanikan Sukaram Rossarin Tansawat Terapap Apiparakoon Thodsawit Tiyarattanachai Sanparith Marukatat Rungsun Rerknimitr Roongruedee Chaiteerakij |
| author_sort | Thanikan Sukaram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. We determined VOCs profile in exhaled breath of 97 HCC patients and 111 controls using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Support Vector Machine algorithm. The combination of acetone, 1,4-pentadiene, methylene chloride, benzene, phenol and allyl methyl sulfide provided the highest accuracy of 79.6%, with 76.5% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity in the training set; and 55.4% accuracy, 44.0% sensitivity, and 75.0% specificity in the test set. This combination was correlated with the HCC stages demonstrating by the increased distance from the classification boundary when the stage advanced. For early HCC detection, d-limonene provided a 62.8% sensitivity, 51.8% specificity and 54.9% accuracy. The levels of acetone, butane and dimethyl sulfide were significantly altered after treatment. Patients with complete response had a greater decreased acetone level than those with remaining tumor post-treatment (73.38 ± 56.76 vs. 17.11 ± 58.86 (× 106 AU, p = 0.006). Using a cutoff of 35.9 × 106 AU, the reduction in acetone level predicted treatment response with 77.3% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 79.4%, accuracy, and AUC of 0.784. This study demonstrates the feasibility of exhaled VOCs as a non-invasive tool for diagnosis, monitoring of HCC progression and treatment response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:09:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4d781fe5eb4b47c28c9f45b27a1060ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:09:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d781fe5eb4b47c28c9f45b27a1060ff2022-12-22T03:09:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-03-011211910.1038/s41598-022-08678-zExhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomaThanikan Sukaram0Rossarin Tansawat1Terapap Apiparakoon2Thodsawit Tiyarattanachai3Sanparith Marukatat4Rungsun Rerknimitr5Roongruedee Chaiteerakij6Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyDepartment of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn UniversityImage Processing and Understanding Team, Artificial Intelligence Research Group, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC)Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyAbstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. We determined VOCs profile in exhaled breath of 97 HCC patients and 111 controls using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Support Vector Machine algorithm. The combination of acetone, 1,4-pentadiene, methylene chloride, benzene, phenol and allyl methyl sulfide provided the highest accuracy of 79.6%, with 76.5% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity in the training set; and 55.4% accuracy, 44.0% sensitivity, and 75.0% specificity in the test set. This combination was correlated with the HCC stages demonstrating by the increased distance from the classification boundary when the stage advanced. For early HCC detection, d-limonene provided a 62.8% sensitivity, 51.8% specificity and 54.9% accuracy. The levels of acetone, butane and dimethyl sulfide were significantly altered after treatment. Patients with complete response had a greater decreased acetone level than those with remaining tumor post-treatment (73.38 ± 56.76 vs. 17.11 ± 58.86 (× 106 AU, p = 0.006). Using a cutoff of 35.9 × 106 AU, the reduction in acetone level predicted treatment response with 77.3% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 79.4%, accuracy, and AUC of 0.784. This study demonstrates the feasibility of exhaled VOCs as a non-invasive tool for diagnosis, monitoring of HCC progression and treatment response.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08678-z |
| spellingShingle | Thanikan Sukaram Rossarin Tansawat Terapap Apiparakoon Thodsawit Tiyarattanachai Sanparith Marukatat Rungsun Rerknimitr Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma Scientific Reports |
| title | Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_full | Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_short | Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| title_sort | exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08678-z |
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